A Good Model for a Mugging
Labour's first full-scale privatisation involves the multiple fleecing of the taxpayer
by George Monbiot
Published in the Guardian (February 14 2006)
From the hubbub surrounding the privatisation of the British government's defence research service - Qinetiq - last week, one statement stopped me dead. Lord Drayson, the minister for defence procurement, asserted that it was a "good model for future privatisations" <1>. Three things hit me. The first was that Lord Drayson is minister for defence procurement. This remarkable fact had until then passed me by (I will explain its significance in a moment). The second was that, if the government really is envisaging further privatisations, this is the first we've heard of it. What else did Drayson have in mind? Is there anything that hasn't been sold already? The third was that, with the exception of the privatisation of the railways in 1996, it would be hard to think of a worse model for a government sell-off.
As everyone now knows, Friday's flotation of Qinetiq raised the value of the shareholding acquired by Carlyle, the US investment firm, by around 840%. Carlyle, whose board is graced, among other eminences, by the former prime minister John Major, bought its stake at auction in 2002 when the stockmarket had foundered. It paid GBP 42 million for a 31% share, which at close of play on Friday was worth around GBP 351 million. Last week it flogged over half its shares. Its chairman, who paid GBP 129,000 for his stake in the company, is now worth GBP 27 million, and its chief executive GBP 22 million <2>.
As it was with the four directors of Rover (who walked off with GBP 40 million) it is hard to see what they did to deserve it. As Lord Drayson's Labour predecessor, Lord Gilbert, pointed out, "All the value was built up by public servants using public money. I consider it a complete outrage ... a scandal". <3> In a letter to the Telegraph on Saturday, the former managing director of the Defence Research Agency - the government body that was split up and turned into Qinetiq - described the profits as "greed of the highest order": the two men, he said, had captured the benefits of decades of work by the company's scientists and engineers <4>.
Lord Drayson's boss, the defence secretary John Reid, claimed that the company is worth so much "because of the value that has been added there" by Carlyle's management. "This is precisely why [we] brought them in". <5> But if the government knew that Carlyle would make so much money, why did it allow the company to buy its stake so cheaply? If it didn't know, then why should we take its counterfactual accountancy seriously? In fact in 2002 the government was warned by both Lord Gilbert and Lord Moonie, who was defence procurement minister when Carlyle bought its stake, that the taxpayer was being fleeced <6>. Moonie says he was overruled by the Treasury <7>. The government went in with its eyes wide open.
It is also arguable that much of Qinetiq's value was added not by the brilliance of its directors, or even of its engineers and scientists, but by a huge contract with the ministry of defence (MoD), signed on the very day (28th February 2003) that Carlyle paid for its stake. The "Long Term Partnering Agreement", under which Qinetiq manages the government's firing ranges, is worth GBP 5.6 billion over 25 years <8>. In fact, with a contract like this, any one of us could have bought that 31% stake without having to open our wallets: you could borrow the money, at cheap rates, against your guaranteed future income. Carlyle admits that it raised part of the money by "refinancing" its revenues from the contract <9>. The Guardian has also reported that Qinetiq might have left some of its liabilities behind during the flotation: the government may have to carry the costs of cleaning up some of the land it has been using <10>.
To anyone who has studied the private finance iniatitive, this story - of guaranteed assets and reduced liabilities - will be familiar. Qinetiq's sale carries fewer public dangers than the part-privatisation of our schools, hospitals and whatever else remains of the public sector, as the potential liabilities are much smaller, and the possible redundancy of the services bought by the long-term contract less consequential. But it seems clear that these generous provisions fattened up the company for privatisation. As Lord Gilbert says, "the MoD was taken like a lamb to the slaughter" <11>.
In the past, ministers have sought to justify deals like this on the grounds that corporate profits are good for the Exchequer. But they would struggle to apply this argument to the privatisation of Qinetiq. Carlyle bought its stake though a series of "special purpose vehicles" based in Guernsey, which means that it will not be paying tax on the sale of its shares <12>. It says that the government knew it would be using the tax haven before the deal was done. In this respect, the Qinetiq story has some parallels with the sale of the Inland Revenue's properties to Mapeley - an investment company registered in Bermuda.
As for Lord Drayson, I was staggered by his appointment not because I believe that he has had too little experience of this branch of government, but because I believe he has had too much. Before he took office, Paul Drayson knew quite a lot about defence procurement: he had pulled off a remarkable deal with the Ministry of Defence.
Until 2003, when he sold it for GBP 542 million, Paul Drayson was chief executive of a pharmaceutical company founded by his father-in-law, called Powderject <13>. He was, and remains, a generous donor to the Labour Party. After 9/11, the British government decided to stock up on smallpox vaccine. On November 30th 2001, the Ministry of Defence decided that the kind of vaccine it wished to buy was the Lister strain <14>. The only company which possessed sufficient stocks was a German-Danish firm called Bavarian Nordic. On December 6th 2001, Paul Drayson, with a few other businessmen, was invited to breakfast at Downing Street. Soon after that, government officials visited Bavarian Nordic to open negotiations to buy the vaccine. They were told that it was too late: Powderject had just bought the exclusive distribution rights for the UK <15>. If the government wanted the Lister strain, it would have to buy it from Drayson's company. The government paid Powderject GBP 32 million for the vaccines, of which some GBP 20 million seems to have been profit <16>. The Guardian tried to ask both Tony Blair's office and Paul Drayson whether the Lister strain had been discussed at the breakfast in Downing Street, but neither of them would comment. It is not clear whether Paul Drayson became aware of the government's intentions at that meeting.
In May 2004, Tony Blair made Paul Drayson a life peer. This also attracted controversy: six weeks after he received his peerage, he gave the Labour party half a million pounds <17>. In May 2005 he joined the government. Since then he has been responsible for ensuring that the ministry of defence receives good value from its contracts with private companies.
So here we have a privatisation - the first full-scale privatisation Tony Blair's government has carried out - which has allowed a US investment company to walk off with hundreds of millions of pounds of free money; much of which will be tax exempt. It has been assisted by 25 years of guaranteed income from the government and the possible shedding of liabilities. It is overseen by a man who first came to public notice as a result of a defence procurement deal surrounded by controversy, and who now turns up as minister for defence procurement. Does anyone agree that this is a "good model for future privatisations"?
www.monbiot.com
References:
1. Jason Nisse, 12th February 2006. Business View. The Independent on Sunday.
2. Michael Harrison, 11th February 2006. Anger as GBP 1.3 billion float of Qinetiq gets away. The Independent.
3. Christopher Adams and Peter Spiegel, 26th January 2006. Qinetiq gains a scandal, says former minister. The Financial Times.
4. Peter Ewins, 11th February 2006. Scandal at Qinetiq. The Daily Telegraph.
5. John Reid, 27th January 2006. Quoted by BBC Online. Reid defends Qinetiq's sale price.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4653722.stm
6. Christopher Adams and Peter Spiegel, ibid
7. Michael Harrison, 17th January 2006. Is the sale of Qinetiq a scandal? The Independent
8. Oliver Morgan, 29th January 2006. A swift killing in the defence sector. The Observer.
9. Oliver Morgan, 15th January 2006. Carlyle 'given sweetener' in Qinetiq deal. The Observer.
10. Terry Macalister and Mark Milner, 17th January 2006. Tough battles ahead for QinetiQ. The Guardian.
11. Oliver Morgan, 29th January 2006, ibid.
12. Richard Wray, 1st August 2005. US Qinetiq holding registered in tax haven. The Guardian.
13. Geoffrey Gibbs, 20th May 2003. GBP 43 million windfall for PowderJect chief . The Guardian.
14. David Leigh and Rob Evans, 29th June 2004. Papers detail Labour donor's vaccine deal. The Guardian.
15. ibid.
16. ibid.
17. Michael White, 25th August 2004. On May 1 Paul Drayson was given a peerage. On June 17 he gave Labour a GBP 500,000 cheque. The Guardian.
http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2006/02/14/a-good-model-for-a-mugging/
Bill Totten http://www.ashisuto.co.jp/english/index.html
by George Monbiot
Published in the Guardian (February 14 2006)
From the hubbub surrounding the privatisation of the British government's defence research service - Qinetiq - last week, one statement stopped me dead. Lord Drayson, the minister for defence procurement, asserted that it was a "good model for future privatisations" <1>. Three things hit me. The first was that Lord Drayson is minister for defence procurement. This remarkable fact had until then passed me by (I will explain its significance in a moment). The second was that, if the government really is envisaging further privatisations, this is the first we've heard of it. What else did Drayson have in mind? Is there anything that hasn't been sold already? The third was that, with the exception of the privatisation of the railways in 1996, it would be hard to think of a worse model for a government sell-off.
As everyone now knows, Friday's flotation of Qinetiq raised the value of the shareholding acquired by Carlyle, the US investment firm, by around 840%. Carlyle, whose board is graced, among other eminences, by the former prime minister John Major, bought its stake at auction in 2002 when the stockmarket had foundered. It paid GBP 42 million for a 31% share, which at close of play on Friday was worth around GBP 351 million. Last week it flogged over half its shares. Its chairman, who paid GBP 129,000 for his stake in the company, is now worth GBP 27 million, and its chief executive GBP 22 million <2>.
As it was with the four directors of Rover (who walked off with GBP 40 million) it is hard to see what they did to deserve it. As Lord Drayson's Labour predecessor, Lord Gilbert, pointed out, "All the value was built up by public servants using public money. I consider it a complete outrage ... a scandal". <3> In a letter to the Telegraph on Saturday, the former managing director of the Defence Research Agency - the government body that was split up and turned into Qinetiq - described the profits as "greed of the highest order": the two men, he said, had captured the benefits of decades of work by the company's scientists and engineers <4>.
Lord Drayson's boss, the defence secretary John Reid, claimed that the company is worth so much "because of the value that has been added there" by Carlyle's management. "This is precisely why [we] brought them in". <5> But if the government knew that Carlyle would make so much money, why did it allow the company to buy its stake so cheaply? If it didn't know, then why should we take its counterfactual accountancy seriously? In fact in 2002 the government was warned by both Lord Gilbert and Lord Moonie, who was defence procurement minister when Carlyle bought its stake, that the taxpayer was being fleeced <6>. Moonie says he was overruled by the Treasury <7>. The government went in with its eyes wide open.
It is also arguable that much of Qinetiq's value was added not by the brilliance of its directors, or even of its engineers and scientists, but by a huge contract with the ministry of defence (MoD), signed on the very day (28th February 2003) that Carlyle paid for its stake. The "Long Term Partnering Agreement", under which Qinetiq manages the government's firing ranges, is worth GBP 5.6 billion over 25 years <8>. In fact, with a contract like this, any one of us could have bought that 31% stake without having to open our wallets: you could borrow the money, at cheap rates, against your guaranteed future income. Carlyle admits that it raised part of the money by "refinancing" its revenues from the contract <9>. The Guardian has also reported that Qinetiq might have left some of its liabilities behind during the flotation: the government may have to carry the costs of cleaning up some of the land it has been using <10>.
To anyone who has studied the private finance iniatitive, this story - of guaranteed assets and reduced liabilities - will be familiar. Qinetiq's sale carries fewer public dangers than the part-privatisation of our schools, hospitals and whatever else remains of the public sector, as the potential liabilities are much smaller, and the possible redundancy of the services bought by the long-term contract less consequential. But it seems clear that these generous provisions fattened up the company for privatisation. As Lord Gilbert says, "the MoD was taken like a lamb to the slaughter" <11>.
In the past, ministers have sought to justify deals like this on the grounds that corporate profits are good for the Exchequer. But they would struggle to apply this argument to the privatisation of Qinetiq. Carlyle bought its stake though a series of "special purpose vehicles" based in Guernsey, which means that it will not be paying tax on the sale of its shares <12>. It says that the government knew it would be using the tax haven before the deal was done. In this respect, the Qinetiq story has some parallels with the sale of the Inland Revenue's properties to Mapeley - an investment company registered in Bermuda.
As for Lord Drayson, I was staggered by his appointment not because I believe that he has had too little experience of this branch of government, but because I believe he has had too much. Before he took office, Paul Drayson knew quite a lot about defence procurement: he had pulled off a remarkable deal with the Ministry of Defence.
Until 2003, when he sold it for GBP 542 million, Paul Drayson was chief executive of a pharmaceutical company founded by his father-in-law, called Powderject <13>. He was, and remains, a generous donor to the Labour Party. After 9/11, the British government decided to stock up on smallpox vaccine. On November 30th 2001, the Ministry of Defence decided that the kind of vaccine it wished to buy was the Lister strain <14>. The only company which possessed sufficient stocks was a German-Danish firm called Bavarian Nordic. On December 6th 2001, Paul Drayson, with a few other businessmen, was invited to breakfast at Downing Street. Soon after that, government officials visited Bavarian Nordic to open negotiations to buy the vaccine. They were told that it was too late: Powderject had just bought the exclusive distribution rights for the UK <15>. If the government wanted the Lister strain, it would have to buy it from Drayson's company. The government paid Powderject GBP 32 million for the vaccines, of which some GBP 20 million seems to have been profit <16>. The Guardian tried to ask both Tony Blair's office and Paul Drayson whether the Lister strain had been discussed at the breakfast in Downing Street, but neither of them would comment. It is not clear whether Paul Drayson became aware of the government's intentions at that meeting.
In May 2004, Tony Blair made Paul Drayson a life peer. This also attracted controversy: six weeks after he received his peerage, he gave the Labour party half a million pounds <17>. In May 2005 he joined the government. Since then he has been responsible for ensuring that the ministry of defence receives good value from its contracts with private companies.
So here we have a privatisation - the first full-scale privatisation Tony Blair's government has carried out - which has allowed a US investment company to walk off with hundreds of millions of pounds of free money; much of which will be tax exempt. It has been assisted by 25 years of guaranteed income from the government and the possible shedding of liabilities. It is overseen by a man who first came to public notice as a result of a defence procurement deal surrounded by controversy, and who now turns up as minister for defence procurement. Does anyone agree that this is a "good model for future privatisations"?
www.monbiot.com
References:
1. Jason Nisse, 12th February 2006. Business View. The Independent on Sunday.
2. Michael Harrison, 11th February 2006. Anger as GBP 1.3 billion float of Qinetiq gets away. The Independent.
3. Christopher Adams and Peter Spiegel, 26th January 2006. Qinetiq gains a scandal, says former minister. The Financial Times.
4. Peter Ewins, 11th February 2006. Scandal at Qinetiq. The Daily Telegraph.
5. John Reid, 27th January 2006. Quoted by BBC Online. Reid defends Qinetiq's sale price.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4653722.stm
6. Christopher Adams and Peter Spiegel, ibid
7. Michael Harrison, 17th January 2006. Is the sale of Qinetiq a scandal? The Independent
8. Oliver Morgan, 29th January 2006. A swift killing in the defence sector. The Observer.
9. Oliver Morgan, 15th January 2006. Carlyle 'given sweetener' in Qinetiq deal. The Observer.
10. Terry Macalister and Mark Milner, 17th January 2006. Tough battles ahead for QinetiQ. The Guardian.
11. Oliver Morgan, 29th January 2006, ibid.
12. Richard Wray, 1st August 2005. US Qinetiq holding registered in tax haven. The Guardian.
13. Geoffrey Gibbs, 20th May 2003. GBP 43 million windfall for PowderJect chief . The Guardian.
14. David Leigh and Rob Evans, 29th June 2004. Papers detail Labour donor's vaccine deal. The Guardian.
15. ibid.
16. ibid.
17. Michael White, 25th August 2004. On May 1 Paul Drayson was given a peerage. On June 17 he gave Labour a GBP 500,000 cheque. The Guardian.
http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2006/02/14/a-good-model-for-a-mugging/
Bill Totten http://www.ashisuto.co.jp/english/index.html
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