Text of Urgent ACTA Communique
International Experts Find that Pending Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement Threatens Public Interests
American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
wcl.american.edu (June 23 2010)
This statement reflects the conclusions reached at a meeting of over ninety academics, practitioners and public interest organizations from six continents gathered at American University Washington College of Law, June 16 to 18 2010. The meeting, convened by American University's Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, was called to analyze the official text of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), released for the first time in April 2010. Negotiating parties released the text only after public criticism of the unusually closed process and widespread disquiet over the negotiations' presumed substance. See Wellington Declaration {1}, EU Resolution on Transparency and State of Play of the ACTA Negotiations {2}.
We find that the terms of the publicly released draft of ACTA threaten numerous public interests, including every concern specifically disclaimed {3} by negotiators.
* Negotiators claim ACTA will not interfere with citizens' fundamental rights and liberties; it will.
* They claim ACTA is consistent with the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); it is not.
* They claim ACTA will not increase border searches or interfere with cross-border transit of legitimate generic medicines; it will.
* And they claim that ACTA does not require "graduated response" disconnections of people from the internet; however, the agreement strongly encourages such policies.
ACTA is the predictably deficient product of a deeply flawed process. What started as a relatively simple proposal to coordinate customs enforcement has transformed into a sweeping and complex new international intellectual property and internet regulation with grave consequences for the global economy and governments' ability to promote and protect the public interest.
Any agreement of this scope and consequence must be based on a broad and meaningful consultative process, in public, on the record and with open on-going access to proposed negotiating text and must reflect a full range of public interest concerns. As detailed below, this text fails to meet these standards.
Recognizing that the terms of the agreement are under further closed-door negotiation over a text we do not have access to, a fair reading of the April 2010 draft leads to our conclusion that ACTA is hostile to the public interest in at least seven critical areas of global public policy: fundamental rights and freedoms; internet governance; access to medicines; scope and nature of intellectual property law; international trade; international law and institutions; and democratic process.
The following specific comments are based on a review of the publicly released text which is highly bracketed and the conclusions are therefore tentative.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
ACTA would authorize or encourage private and government enforcement measures that would curtail enjoyment of fundamental rights and liberties, including domestic and internationally protected human rights to health, privacy and the protection of personal data, free expression, education, cultural participation, and right to a fair legal process, including fair trial and presumptions of innocence.
THE INTERNET
ACTA would
* Encourage internet service providers to police the activities of internet users by holding internet providers responsible for the actions of subscribers, conditioning safe harbors on adopting policing policies, and by requiring parties to encourage cooperation between service providers and rights holders;
* Encourage this surveillance, and the potential for punitive disconnections by private actors, without adequate court oversight or due process;
* Globalize 'anti-circumvention' provisions which threaten innovation, competition, free (freedom-respecting) software, open access business models, interoperability, the enjoyment of user rights, and user choice;
ACCESS TO MEDICINES
ACTA would threaten global access to affordable medicines, including by:
* Authorizing customs authorities to seize goods in transit countries, even when they do not infringe any laws of the producing or importing countries;
* Implicating non-infringing active pharmaceutical ingredient suppliers whose materials may be used downstream in infringing products without their knowledge;
* Limiting key flexibilities on injunctions, including in patent cases, that are necessary for government use, for court-ordered royalties, and for innovation prizes and other policies that de-link cost of research and development from the price of products;
* Expanding its scope to patents in many areas of the agreement, which is an inappropriate subject of a counterfeiting policy.
SCOPE AND NATURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
ACTA would distort fundamental balances between the rights and interests of proprietors and users, including by
* introducing highly specific rights and remedies for rights holders without detailing correlative exceptions, limitations, and procedural safeguards for users;
* shifting enforcement burdens to public authorities and private intermediaries in ways that are likely to be more sensitive to proprietary concerns;
* requiring formula-driven assessment of damages, potentially unrelated to any proven harm or gain;
* omitting strong disincentives to abuse of enforcement processes by right holders;
* including rigid injunction, damages and heightened civil and criminal enforcement requirements that will restrict government flexibility, impede innovation and slow the development and diffusion of green technology;
* threaten the continuation or development of innovative public intererst exceptions, such as common law approaches to permitting copies of works by "authorization."
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ACTA would raise barriers to the trade in knowledge imbedded goods, disproportionately harming developing countries dependent on imports and exports of essential goods. Specifically, ACTA will extend 'ex officio' and in transit border search and seizures to a broad range of "suspected" intellectual property infringements, even including alleged patent infringements involving complex questions of law and fact that are impossible to judge by custom authorities.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INSTITUTIONS
ACTA would conflict with a large number of existing international laws and processes. Specifically, ACTA contains provisions that:
* Conflict with the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) by allowing seizures based on the law "of the party providing the procedures" instead of "the country of importation" (TRIPS Article 52) and by failing to fully protect and incorporate key protections against abuse (for example Articles 41.1, 48.1, 48.2, 50.3, 53.1, 56), flexibilities to promote public interests (for example TRIPS Article 44.2), requirements for the proportionality of enforcement measures (for example Articles 46, 47), and provisions providing for balance between the interests of proprietors, consumers and the greater society (for example TRIPS Articles 1, 7, 8, 40, 41.2, 41.5, 54, 55, 58).
* Conflict with the WTO Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and World Health Assembly Resolution 61.21 by limiting the ability of countries to use the TRIPS flexibilities "to the full" to promote access to medicines;
* Undermine the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Development Agenda, particularly recommendation 45's commitment to "approach intellectual property enforcement in the context of broader societal interests and especially development-oriented concerns";
* Undermine the roles of WIPO and WTO by creating a new and redundant international administration.
DEMOCRATIC PROCESS
ACTA alters traditional and constitutionally mandated law making processes by:
* Exporting and locking in controversial and problematic enforcement practices, foreclosing future legislative improvements in response to changes in technology or policy;
* Requiring substantive changes to laws of many countries without legislative process;
The process of ACTA's negotiation is fundamentally flawed. Specifically, the negotiations:
* Have not been conducted in public as are many multilateral negotiations;
* Have not been accompanied by evidence demonstrating the public policy problems sought to be addressed;
* Have proceeded under conditions that restrict public input to select stakeholders, held off-the-record and without access to the latest version of the rapidly changing text;
* Lack a balanced representation of stakeholders, especially from civil society.
LINKS:
{1} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicacta.org.nz%2Fwellington-declaration%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEzfubbC70zfhmFyirMRjPZ4kr2vUPQ
{2} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BTA%2BP7-TA-2010-0058%2B0%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEze0LJTmjtyUTkRz83RCgSGUKYea-g
{3} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustr.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fpress-office%2Fpress-releases%2F2010%2Fapril%2Foffice-us-trade-representative-releases-statement-ac&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEzfNswTHzwtNHUVVm9uNU4-oSK6NyQ
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Contact list for press interviews
https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0Au_Z_zC1yrj6dHlYd0lmaHFJQmVuYlpBX2I3Q2xqcXc&hl=en
Detailed explanation of issues in declaration
https://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0Ae_Z_zC1yrj6ZGdxODVrOTlfNTVjOHZjN25oaA&hl=en
Section by section analysis of the ACTA text
https://sites.google.com/site/iipenforcement/acta-section-analysis
Attendees of the Drafting Conference
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/june2010-attendees
TO ENDORSE:
Please send your name, organization, city and country to acta.declaration@gmail.com
ENDORSEMENTS:
EU Members of Parliament
Kader Arif
Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Spokesperson, S&D Members of the International Trade Committee (INTA)
France
Jan Philipp Albrecht
Greens | European Free Alliance (EFA) Working Group on ACTA
Germany
Sandrine Belier
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Karima Delli
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Christian Engstrom
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Sweden
Heidi Hautala
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Finland
Yannick Jadot
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Ska Keller
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Germany
Eva Lichtenberger
Greens / EFA Working Group on ACTA
Austria
Mariko Peters
Green Party, House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs, Defense, Europe, Media&Culture
Judith Sargentini
Greens / EFA Working Group on ACTA
Netherlands
Carl Schlyter
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Sweden
Oriol Junqueras Vies
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Spain
Parliamentarians from Negotiating Countries
Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Mariko Peters
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Martijn van Dam
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Academic Endorsements
Hal Abelson
Professor of Comp. Sci. and Engineering, MIT
Cambridge, MA
Antonio de la Piedra Abenojar
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Belgium
Andrew A. Adams
Professor Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
Jack Allnutt
Student
University of Manchester
Manchester, UK
Russell G. Almond
Associate Professor
Florida State University, College of Education
Tallahassee, FL
Tatiana Andia
Professor
Universidad de los Andes – Cider
Bogota, Columbia
Ruben Dario Gomez Arais
Professor National School of Public Health. University of Antioquia
Medellin, Colombia
Laurent Audouin
Assistant Professor
Universite Paris 11
Paris, France
Brook K. Baker
Professor
Northeastern University Law School / Health Global Access Project (NYC, Phila., DC)*
Boston, MA
Shamnad Basheer
Ministry of HRD Professor in IP Law
National University of Juridical Sciences
Kolkata, India
Adam C. Bell
Professor and Dean
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Canada
Ivana Bentes
Researcher and Professor
Communication and Director of School of Communication
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Gregor v. Bochmann
Professor
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Canada
Annemarie Bridy
Associate Professor
University of Idaho College of Law
Moscow, ID
Dr. Ferran Izquierdo Brichs
Lecturer in International Relations
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Altafulla, Spain
Abbe Brown
Lecturer in Information Technology Law
University of Edinburgh
Scotland, UK
Kenneth Rochel de Camargo
Associate Professor, Social Medicine Institute
Rio de Janeiro State University
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
David Carlson
Dean, Library Affairs
Morris Library
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Carbondale, IL
Michael A. Carrier
Professor of Law - Rutgers Law School
Camden, NJ
Michael Carroll
Professor of Law, Director of Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
Brian W. Carver
Assistant Professor
School of Information
UC Berkeley, CA
Q-Jin Choi, M.D.
Dept. of History of Medicine & Medical Humanities
Seoul National University College of Medicine
Seoul, South Korea
Margaret Chon
Associate Dean for Research and Centers
Seattle University School of Law
Seattle, WA
Richard Clawson
Postdoctoral Fellow
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Thuwal, KSA
Fatima Conti
Universidade Federal do Para – ICB
Belem, Brazil
Ray Corrigan
Open University
Oxford, UK
Joanne Csete
Associate Professor
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
New York, NY
Marcos Dantas
Prof. Dr. Escola de Comunicação da UFRJ
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Dion Dennis
Associate Professor
Department of Criminal Justice
Bridgewater State College
Bridgewater, MA
Alexander S. Dent
Assistant Professor of Anthropology
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Miguel Dias
Librarian
Algarve's University
Faro, Portugal
JS Diaz
Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Kevin Donovan
Student, School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
Peter Drahos
Director,Centre for the Governance of Knowledge and Development
Australian National University
Graham Dutfield
Professor of International Governance
University of Leeds School of Law
Leeds, UK
Nick Efford
University of Leeds
Leeds, UK
Guilhem Fabre
Professor, Universite Le Havre
Paris, France
Mark Federman,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Alex Feerst
Center for Internet & Society, Stanford Law School
San Francisco, CA
Sean Flynn
Associate Director of Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
Michael Geist
Professor, University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Shubha Ghosh
Vilas Research Associate & Professor of Law
University of Wisconsin Law School
Madison, WI
Henning Grosse Ruse - Khan
Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law
Munich, Germany
Eldar Haber
PhD Candidate
Zvi-Meitar center for advanced legal studies
Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Debora Halbert
Associate Professor of Political Science
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Manoa, Hawaii
Joseph Lorenzo Hall
ACCURATE Postdoctoral Research Associate, UC Berkeley School of Information
Berkeley, California
Bernard Hanson
Universite de Mons, Belgium
Sebastian Haunss
Political Scientist
University of Konstanz
Konstanz, Germany
Cynthia M. Ho
Vickrey Research Professor of Law
Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Chicago, IL
Jeanette Hofmann
London School of Economics and Political Science
London, UK
Adam Holland
Boston University School of Law
Boston, MA
Monica Horten
PhD Candidate
Communications and Media Research Institute
University of Westminster, UK
Bernt Hugenholtz
Professor, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dan Hunter
Professor of Law & Director, Institute for Information Law & Policy
New York Law School
New York, NY
Tamir Israel
Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Peter Jaszi
Professor, Faculty Director of the Glushko-Samuelson Intellectual Property Clinic
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
David R. Johnson
New York Law School
New York, NY
Eric E. Johnson
Assistant Professor of Law
University of North Dakota School of Law
Grand Forks, ND
Alexander Jones
Student, Georgia Tech
Atlanta, GA
Margot Kaminski
Yale Law School
New Haven, CN
Mark Kelly
Student, Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Keechang Kim
Professor
Korea University Law School
Seoul, Korea
Bill Kirkpatrick
Assistant Professor, Department of Communication
Denison University, Granville, OH
Armando Kirwin
Student, University of Texas
Austin, TX
Martin Kretschmer
Professor of Information Jurisprudence
Bournemouth University, UK
Ross Lazarus
Associate Professor
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
Nari Lee, LL.D (Kyushu)
Program Director
Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)
München, Germany
Hervé Le Crosnier
Researcher and Teacher
University of Caen, France
France Lert
Senior Researcher
Universite Versailles
Saint-Quentin, France
Lawrence Lessig
Harvard Law School
Cambridge, Massachusetts
David Levine
Assistant Professor
Stanford Law School
Stanford, CA
Harry R. Lewis
Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Jorge Machado
Professor of Public Policy Management
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Jonas Maebe, PhD
Ghent University
Ghent, Belgium
Alana Maurushat
Lecturer, Faculty of Law, The University of New South Wales
Deputy Director, Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre
Australia
Mark A. McCutcheon
Centre for Language and Literature
Athabasca University
Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
Mark McKenna
Associate Professor
Notre Dame Law School
Notre Dame, IN
Lisa McLaughlin
Associate Professor
Miami University-Ohio
Oxford, Ohio
Scott McLaughlin, Dr.
University of Huddersfield
Huddersfield, UK
Heloisa Gomes Medieros
Lawyer and Masters Student
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina, Brasil
Juan M. Medina, PhD. Candidate
International Law, Instituto Ortega y Gasset
Madrid-Spain
Hiram Meléndez-Juarbe
Associate Professor
University of Puerto Rico Law School
San Juan, PR
Axel Metzger
Professor of Law. University of Hannover
Hannover, Germany
Gabriel J. Michael
Doctoral Student
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Danny Mittleman
Associate Professor
College of Computing and Digital Media
DePaul University
Chicago, IL
Michael R. Morris
Ph.D. Candidate
University of Edinburgh
Heather Morrison, PhD Candidate
Simon Fraser University School of Communication
Vancouver, Canada
Milton Mueller
Professor
Syracuse University School of Information Studies
Syracuse, NY
Charles Nesson
Weld Professor of Law, Founder, Berkman Center for Internet and Society
Harvard Law School
Cambridge, MA
ES Nwauche
Director
Centre for African Legal Studies Port Harcourt Nigeria
Dong Suk Oh
Ajou University Law School
Democratic Legal Studies Association
Suwon City
Republic of Korea
Ville Oksanen
Lecturer and Researcher
Aalto University, Finland
Kevin Outterson
Associate Professor of Law & Co-Director of the Health Law Program
Boston University School of Law
Boston, MA
Claudia Padovani
Department of Political and Historical Studies
Univerity of Padova, Italy
Pedro Paranagua
Professor
Duke University
Durham, NC
Francisco Carpena Perez
Profesor Educacion Secundaria
Colegio Concertado "La Inmaculada"
Yecla, Spain
Varun Piplani, PhD Candidate
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
Rufus Pollock
Mead Fellow in Economics
Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK
James Popham, PhD Candidate
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Kenneth L. Port
Professor of Law and
Director, Intellectual Property Institute
William Mitchell College of Law
St. Paul, MN
Julien Rabier
Student, Université Paris II Panthéon Assas, Paris, France
Hafiz Aziz Rehman, PhD Candidate
Australian National University College of Law
Canberra, Australia
Witold Rakoczy
Senior Lecturer
AGH University of Science and Technology
Cracow, Poland
Paulo Rena
Law Scholar, Universidade de Brasilia
Brasilia, Brasil
Graham Reynolds
Professor, Dalhousie University Schulich School of Law
Halifax, Canada
Martine Courant Rife
Professor of Writing, Lansing Community College
Lansing, MI
Nagla Rizk
Associate Professor Economics Department
American University in Cairo
Cairo, Egypt
Natalia Romero
Researcher
Delft University of Technology
Delft, Netherlands
Pam Samuelson
Professor of Law
UC Berkeley Law School
Berkeley, CA
Helene Scarna
Faculte de Pharmacie
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon
Lyon, France
Wendy Seltzer,
Senior Researcher
Berkman Center for Internet & Society
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
Susan Sell
Professor of Political Science and Int'l Affairs, Director
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Xavier Seuba
Senior Lecturer in Public International Law
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain
Lea Bishop Shaver
Associate Research Scholar
Yale Law School
New Haven, CN
Aaron Shaw
Berkman Center for Internet and Society
arvard University
Cambridge, MA
Chen Shen
Student, Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, Canada
Jessica Silbey
Associate Professor of Law
Suffolk University Law School
Boston, MA
Alberto Cerda Silva
Professor in Law
University of Chile Law School
Santiago, Chile
Richard Smith
Professor, School of Communication
Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Andrew Snider
York University
Toronto, Canada
Christopher Jon Sprigman
Associate Professor of Law
University of Virginia School of Law
Charlottesville, Virginia
Elizabeth Stark
Yale University
New Haven, CN
Peter Suber
Berkman Fellow
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Samuel E. Trosow
Associate Professor
University of Western Ontario
Canada
Rebecca Tushnet
Georgetown Law
Washington, DC
Chris Tyler
Professor, Centre for Development of Open
Technology, School of Computer Studies, Seneca College
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David Vaile, Executive Director
Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre, University of New South Wales
Sydney, Australia
Annie Vinokur
Emeritus Professor of Economics
Universite Paris Ouest La Defense
Paris, France
Eric Von Hippel
Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management
Cambridge, MA
Ben Wagner
Researcher
European University Institute
Fiesole, Italia
Kimberlee Weatherall
Lecturer in Law
University of Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Liana Weber Pereira
Law Academic
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Sarah K. Wiant
Professor
Washington and Lee University School of Law
Lexington, VA
Jeremy Wickins MA, LLB,
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
Jisuk Woo, Ph.D., J.D.
Professor
Graduate School of Public Administration
Seoul National University
Seoul, Korea
Jonathan Worth
Senior Lecturer Coventry University, UK
Peter K. Yu
Kern Family Chair in Intellectual Property Law & Director
Drake University Law School
Des Moines, IO
Marc Zune
Professor of Comp. Sci. and Engineering
University of Louvain
Belgium
Research Group on Public Policies for Access to Information
Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
School of Communication of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Study Group on Copyright and Information, Federal University of Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina, Brasil
Civil Society Endorsements
Acción Internacional para la Salud
Lima, Peru
African Commons Project
South Africa
Ageia Densi
Córdoba, Argentina
ALTERNATIVES
Montreal, Canada
American Medical Student Association
Reston, VA
Article 19
London, UK
Asociación Civil Nodo Tau
Argentina
Asociación de Internautas
Spain
Association for Progressive Communications
Melville, South Africa
Associazione Partito Pirata Italiano
Berne Declaration
Lausanne, Switzerland
BetterBio
Boston, MA
Brazilian Institute for Consumer Defense (IDEC)
São Paulo, Brasil
Bytes for All Pakistan
Pakistan
Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
Toronto, ON, Canada
Canope
Paris, France
Center for Internet and Society
Bangalore, India
Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio)
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
CIPPIC, the Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic
University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Colorado Local's Emporium of Alternative Farms (LEAF)
Comunica-CH (Swiss Platform on Information Society)
Wolf Ludwig
Neuchatel, Switzerland
Connecting.nyc.Inc.
New York, NY
Consumers International
Kuala Lumpur
Corporate Europe Observatory
Brussels, Belgium
Cultural Action
Seoul, South Korea
Electronic Frontier Finland
Electronic Frontier Foundation
San Fransisco, CA
Electronic Frontier
Norway
Electronic Frontiers Australia Inc
Australia
Esfera Hacks Políticos
São Paulo, Brazil
European AIDS Treatment Group
European Digital Rights
Brussels, European Union
Evolved Development
New Zealand
EXGAE
Barcelona, Spain
FACIL
Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Federación Médica Colombiana – Observamed
Bogota, Columbia
Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure e.V.
Berlin, Germany
Foundation for Media Alternatives (FMA)
Quezon City, Philippines
Freedom Against Censorship Thailand
Bangkok, Thailand
Free Knowledge Institute
Barcelona, Spain
Free Knowledge Foundation
Madrid, Spain
Freedom for IP
Seattle, WA
German Business Ethics Network (DNWE)
Munich, Germany
GPOPAI (Institute)
Sao Paulo, Brasil
Health Action International (Europe, Africa, Asia - Pacific, and Global)*
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Health GAP (Global Access Project)
New York, Philadelphia, Washington DC
House of Digital Culture
Brasil
IFARMA Foundation
Bogota, Colombia
Information & Culture Society for the Disabled Korean
Seoul, South Korea
Instituto Overmundo
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Intellectual Property Institute
William Mitchell College of Law
St. Paul, MN
Intellectual Property Left (IPLeft)
Seoul, South Korea
Interaction Law
Washington, DC
Interlink, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
International Association of IT Laywers
Denmark
Internet Governance Project
Syracuse, NY
Internet Industry Association (Australia)
IP Justice
San Francisco, California
IT for Change
Bangalore, India
The Julia Group
Stockholm, Sweden
Knowledge Ecology International
Washington, DC
Knowledgeland
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Kenya ICT Action Network
Kenya
Korean Pharmacists for a Democratic Society
Seoul, South Korea
Korean Medical Action Groups for Health Rights
Seoul, South Korea
Korean Progress Network Jinbonet
Seoul, South Korea
Labor, Health, and Human Rights Development Center
Agege, Lagos, Nigeria
La Quadrature du Net
France
Les Verts, France
LOKOJ Institute
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Movimento Mega Não! (Mega no! Moviment)
Brazil
Movimento ScambioEtico
Italy
National Research Officer
South African Municipal Workers' Union
New America Foundation, Open Technology Initiative
Washington, DC
New Mexico Local's Emporium of Alternative Farms (LEAF)
ONG Derechos Digitales
Santiago, Chile
Open Culture Foundation
Sydney, Australia
Open Rights Group
ORDU - Romanian Organization for User Rights
Romania
Orchuulga Foundation
Seattle, WA
Oxfam America
Panoptykon Foundation
Warszawa, Poland
Pirate Parties International
Brussels, Belgium
Pirate Party Australia
Pirate Party Austria
Pirate Party Brazil
Pirate Party Canada
Pirate Party Chile
Pirate Party Germany
Pirate Party Ireland
Pirate Party Netherlands
Pirate Party of New Zealand
Portuguese Pirate Party Portugal
Pirate Party UK
Pirate Party (Massachusetts, USA)
James O'Keefe, Co-Organizer
Programa LaNeta S.C., México
Proyecto BiblioFyL, Capital Federal
Bueno Aires, Argentina
Public Citizen
Washington, DC
Public Interest Advocacy Centre
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Public Knowledge
Washington, DC
Quintessenz
Mag. Georg Markus Kainz, Chairman
Vienna, Austria
Red Mexicana de Accion frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC)
Mexico
SaferNet Brazil
Salvador, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Brazil
Sol Ut Press
Chicago, IL
Stopp ACTA
Vallorbe, Switzerland
Strawberrynet Foundation
Romania
Students for Free Culture
Tech Liberty NZ
New Zealand
Telecomix Netactivist Clusters
Sweden
Transparência Hacker Community
São Paulo, Brazil
Treehouse Institute, United Kingdom
Union des Consommateurs, Montréal, Québec
Universities Allied for Essential Medicines
United States Pirate Party
Scottsdale, AZ
WeRebuild.EU
Sweden
Vancouver Fair Copyright Coalition
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Vrijschrift / ScriptumLibre
Workum, Netherlands
Young Pirates Party
Germany
ZaMirNET
Croatia
INDIVIDUAL ENDORSEMENTS
Justin G. Abram, Lansing, MI
William Adams, Northampton, MA
Mark Akrigg, Founder, Project Gutenberg Canada, Toronto, Canada
Georges Aleth, Paris, France
Derek Allison, Denver, CO
Patrik Alzen, Söderköping, Sweden
Jonathan Amesquita
Jeff Arnason
Pedro Augusto, Center for Techology and Society - Getulio Vargas Foundation
Davis M.J. Aurini, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Renata Avila, Creative Commons-Guatemala, Guatemala
Stephane Bakhos
Nicholas Baldwin, Rome, NY
Elizabeth Ball, Sidney, BC, Canada
Andrew Ball, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Daniel Ballard, Sequoia Counsel PC, Sacramento, CA
Paul Baracos, ICx - 360 Surveillance, Victoria BC, Canada
JéfteFernando de Amorim Barbosa, Barbosa, Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, Pernambuco, Brasil
Scott Barker
Arthur Barstad
Catherine Bell, Instructor, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA
Odile Benassy, Universite de Paris, France
Katrine Bennett, Tunbridge Wells, UK
Kelly Berger, Seattle, WA
Jens Best, Berlin, Germany
Michael Biggs, Waterloo, Ontario, CA
Max Bigras, San Luis Obispo, CA
Mats Björkenfeldt, Stockholm, Sweden
Fancois Blanchard
Jeremiah Blatz, New York, NY
David L. Blevins, Reston, VA
RD Bobbitt, North Carolina
Christopher Bodenlos, Easton
Jeroen Boer
Daniel Boulet, Loa Corporation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Jamie Bowman
Jim Bracher
Chris Brand, New Westminster, BC, Canada
Patrick Brashers, Clay County Electric Cooperative Corp., Corning, AK
S.R. Braun, Dallas, TX
Jon Bremnes, OC & C Strategy Consultants, London, UK
Nick Briz
Beatrice Brociner, Marseille, France
Chantal Brodeur, Hamilton ON, Canada
Colin Broughton, Eleven Engineering, Inc. , Edmonton, AB, Canada
Toni Brown
Hugh Brown, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Terry Browning, UK
Steve Brudenell
Jan Buchmann, Zurich, Switzerland
Andreas Bummel, Committee for a Democratic United Nations, Germany
Thomas Burke, Ireland
Rebecca Burn-Callander, London, UK
Lee Burt, Sacramento, CA
Randy Bush, Bainbridge Island, WA
Roberto Bustamante Vento, Centro peruano de estudios sociales
Rachelle C.
Robert Cailliau, Prevessin-Moens, France
Fátima Cambronero, Presidenta Ageia Densi, Córdoba, Argentina
Nuno Cardoso, International Coordinator of the Portuguese Pirate Party, Lisbon, Portugal
João Carlos Rebello Caribé, Social Media Consultant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Koichi Kameda de Figueiredo Carvalho, Center for Technology and Society at Fundação Getulio Vargas
Cadence Lauren Case, Brooklyn, NY
Josh Casiano
Alejandro Casteleiro, Spain
Jay Chang, Philadelphia, PA
Olivier Charbonneau, Associate Librarian, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
Todd Charron, Toronto, Canada
Daniel Chase, Boston, MA
Sebastien Chateau-Dutier, Le Mans, France
Alvin Y H Cheung, Hong Kong
Prudence Cho, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
William Cibien
Kyle Clements, Canada
Jason Clemons, Raleigh, NC
Jason Cocking
Derrick Cogburn, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Nick Coghlan
Maxime Combes, Aitec-IPAM, France
Devon Cooke, Storybubble Pictures Inc. , Vancouver, Canada
Matthew E. Cooper, Strategic Technology Group, Saint Louis, MO
Scott Corkern
Patricia Maria Cornils, Brasil
Thiago Henriques da Mata Guimaraes Correa, Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Fiorello Cortiana
André Cotte, LaSalle QC, Canada
Paul Cousins, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Olivier Coux, France
David Crafti
Bryan Craggs
Laura Creighton
Michael E. Cullinan, Wilsonville, OR
Benjamin J. Curnett, Ansted, WV
Stephen J. Cunningham, Chapel Hill, NC
John Dada, Fantsuam Foundation, Kafanchan, Nigeria
John K. Dahlman, Baltimore, MD
Jose daLuz
Robert Dahm
David Daley, Indivica, Inc.
Jonathan David, EFF, IEEE, San Jose, CA
Phillip S Davis, Muncie, IN
Matt Dawes, Copyright Adviser, Australian Digital Alliance, Canberra, Australia
Jacob A. De Raadt, Grassroots Consulting Services, Langley, BC, Canada
Miguel Decleire, Brussels, Belgium
Jelle de Jong, PowerCraft Technology, Netherlands
Nicolas D. DeLage, Boston, MA
Zachariah Delventhal, St. Louis Park, MN
Juan Carlos De Martin, NEXA Center for Internet & Society, Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
Mary J. Didier, Suresnes, France
Gilbert Dion, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Cory Doctorow, Boingboing.net
Dave Doering, TechVoice, Inc., Orem, UT
Drew Donnelly, Washington, DC
Pat Donovan, Ottawa, Ontaria, Canada
Raymond J. Dowd, New York, NY
Gabriel C. Drummond-Cole
John A. Dry
Sue Duerr, Germany
Miles Dumble, Essex, UK
Nick Dynice, Long Beach, CA
Maria Teresa Buitrago Echeverri, Bogota, Colombia
Chris Edgette, Piedmont, CA
Jacob Ediger, Madison, WI
Mattheijs Eikelboom, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Gregory Engels, Co-Chairman of Pirate Parties International, Offenbach, Germany
Brian Erickson
Walker Evans
Gordon Falk, Cornerstone Christian School Inc., Moose Jaw, Canada
Patrick Fitzgerald
Michael Fenbers
Jack Feser, Urbana, IL
Richard Floyd, Port Townsend, WA
Tim Fluharty, Torrance, CA
Jennifer Fontecchio, Greer, SC
Dan Fornika, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Richard Forno, Arlington, VA
Jocelyne Fournier, Dunkerque, France
Lucia Freitas, Sao Paulo, Brasil
Alfonso Fuca, Ecaussinnes, Belgium
Arnau Fuentes, Molins de Rei, Spain
David Garland, Studio 700, Wizard Information, Minneapolis, MN
Bruce Gehiere, Kingston, ON, Canada
Hamish Gibson, Pirate Party UK, Dalmally, Scotland
Karl Giesing
Robert Gifford, Kankakee, IL
Dan Gillmor
Benoit Girard, Quebec City, Canada
Robert Giseburt, Xinet, Inc., St. Joseph, MO
Geoffrey Glass, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Michael Glunz, Zürich, Switzerland
Bruno Godin, Vancouver, Canada
Lori Goldbach
Alex Goldman, AG Internet Knowledge, LLC
Marco Gomes, Center for Health Policy and Innovation, South Africa / Canada, Johannesburg, South Africa
Thomas David Goodman, Bay City, MI
Marcio Grandchamp, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Bas Grasmayer, The Netherlands
Johan Greefkes, Powell, OH
Aetzel Griffioen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Elatia Grimshaw
Robin Gross, IP Justice, San Francisco, California
Adam Gruttner
Andres Guadamuz, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Pat Gunn, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Ture Gustafson, Goldem Media Studios, Montreal, Canada
Chad Guzinski, Brookings, SD
Eldar Haber
Michael J. Hager, Cleveland, OH
Norman Haimes, Ontario, Canada
Harry Halpin, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
David Hammerstein, TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue
Baudouin O. Hannecart, Brussels, Belgium
Keith Harasyn, London, ON, Canada
Thomas Harris, Hollywood, FL
James William Hays, Siler City, NC
Bjorn Hedin, Alberta, Canada
Henk Hesselink, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rob Heverly
Kevin J. Hiebert, President, Gastown Webspace Inc., Vancouver, Canada
Abram Hindle, Toronto, Canada
Dan Hipp
Eberhard M. Hoenes, Wuppertal, Germany
Matthew Hogan, Ithaca, NY
Patrick Hogan, Nashville, IL
Michael Holloway, Toronto, ON, Canada
Aaron Holmes, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada
Sebastian Holzer, Antwerp, Belgium
Robert Hoover, Stowe, VT
Wes Hopkins, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Emanuel Hoogeveen, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Lisa Horner, Global Partners and Associates, London, UK
Ben Howden, Howden Acupressure, Montreal, QC
Liam R. Howlett, Wind River, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Stephen Hoy, London, UK
Len Hulsbos
Sean Hunt
Raa'Shaun L. Hunter, Hunter Technology Consulting, Flint, MI
Saleh W. Igal, Dallas, TX
Vesa Ikonen, Helsinki, Finland
Joichi Ito, CEO, Creative Commons, Japan
Edmund Jackson
Meredith Jacob, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Hyobum Jang, Seoul, South Korea
Mike Jeffers, Mintel International, Chicago, IL
Erick Johnson, New York City, NY, USA
Glenn Johnson, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Stuart Johnson
Jason T. Johnson, Brandon, FL
Warren Johnson, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Esther Joly, Ouvaton coopérative SA, Paris, France
Ernest Jones, Lindon, UT
Kerryck Jones, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Leonardo Manfrinato, Justi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Willem Mucher, Albertville, France
Omar Kaminski, Instituto Brasileiro de Direito da Informatica, Curitiba, PR, Basil
Joe Karaganis, Media, Technology, and Culture Brooklyn, NY
Alex Kavanagh, Tinwood Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
James Kawano, Visual Effects Artist, Vancouver, Canada
David Kawczynski
Paul Kay, Birmingham, England
Timothy T. Kearney
John Kelley, San Diego, CA
Wesley Kenzie, Vancouver, Canada
Geoff Kerson, Halifax, Canada
Michael Kesler, DataWolf, North Richland Hills, TX
Georges Khaznadar, Dunkerque, France
Sylvia Kierkegaard, International Association of IT Lawyers, Denmark
Eui-Dong Kim, Dentists for a Healthy Society, Seoul, Korea
Erin Kinser
Joel Kirchartz
Kumsook Ko, Ecofem, Seoul, South Korea
Eric Koenig, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc., Albuquerque, NM
Frederick, Koenig, Vienna, VA
Jake Kolb
Jimmy Koo, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
EF Koreman, St Oedenrode, Netherlands
Issac Kotlicky, Social Security, Baltimore, MD
Matt Kraai, Upland, USA
Kai Kretschmann, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
Till Kreutzer, Germany
Gaelle Krikorian, Paris, France
Myron A. Kuziak, Neudorf, Saskatchewan, Canada
Gustavo Lago, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Daniel Lahey, Seattle, WA
Julien Lamarche, MediaMiser, Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)
John Larson, Denver, CO
David Latimer
JesseLatimer, LEAPNOW: Transforming Education, Calistoga, CA
Steven Leach, MicroComputer Interfacing, Grass Valley, CA
Vadim Lebedev, MBDSYS, Saint Denis, France
Philippe Leconte, Brussels, BELGIUM
Eric Legrand, D2T, Yvelines, France
Yann Leho, Plemet, France
Adam Leighton, Washington, DC
Ronaldo Lemos, Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio) , Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
S. Leone, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
Andrew Lewman, The Tor Project, Boston, MA
Rena Lewis, Ojai, CA
Jacob Lickers, Tecmo Koei Canada Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada
Daniel Lieberman, Shelburne Falls, MA
Caroline Liptak, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Jeno Liptak, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Michael Lockhart, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Maria Paz Canales Loebel, Santiago, Chile
Chris Logan
Elise Lowy
Antti Luoma, Helsinki, Finland
Matthew Lynch, Madison, WI, USA
Georgia Lyon, Adelaide, Australia
Alexander Macfie, London, UK
Marília Maciel, Center for Technology and Society of the Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rebecca MacKinnon, New America Foundation
Patrick Maigron, Institut Telecom, Evry, France
Diego Makarausky de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Julia Makay, Fair Copyright for Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mario A. Mariani, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Renan Albuquerque Marks, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Stephen C. Marney, Kensingtoin, MD
Michael Masnick, Floor64 Inc., Sunnyvale, CA
Francoise Massit-Follea, Project Vox Internet II, Paris, France
Robert Massung
Matt Mastracci, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Nicholas Matear, KPK Goldsmith, Inc., BC, Canada
Evan Mathis
Eric Matthies
Neal May, Ames, IO
Peter Maybarduk, Public Citizen, Washington, DC
Will McCollum, McMonkee Projects
Terence McCormack, Brooklyn, NY
Jeremiah McCoy
Jay McDaniel, Fredericksburg, VA
Jim McDonnell, Brussels, Belgium
Todd McKinney, Hyper9, Inc., Austin, TX USA
Lee McKnight, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Michael A. McLean, Raleigh NC
Russell McOrmond, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Jon McRae
Tomislav Medak, Multimedia Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
George Meijer, Piratenpartij Nederland, Doesburg, Netherlands
Michael F. Meyer, Old Tappan, NJ
James Michmerhuizen, Boston, MA
Christian Mihr, Berlin, Germany
Dushan Milic, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Mark Miller, President, Modern Arts, Charlotte, NC
John T. Mitchell, Interaction Law, Washington, DC
Joachim Moench, Chief Administrative Officer, Pirate Parties International
Robin Möllemann, Mönchengladbach, Germany
Luiz Fernando Moncau, Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Marcel Mondy, Marseille, France
Glen Moody, London, UK
Brendan Moore, Toronto, Canada
Carl Moore II
James Moore, RL Polk, Ypsilanti, MI
Cândida Maria Nobre de Almeida Moraes, Jornalista, João Pessoa-PB, Brasil
Richard Morra, Woodcliff Lake, NJ
Ms. Stacey Morris, Staunton, VA
Robert W Morrow, Toronto, Canada
David M. Morse, Wilmington, DE
Christopher Morton
Manfred Mueller
Stephen Murgan, Louisville, KY
Jose Murilo, Brazilian MInistry of Culture, Brasilia, Brasil
Robert Murphey, Pasadena, TX
Christopher James Murray, Kingston, Canada
Antoine Nélisse, Belgium
Killian Nelson, Thornton, PA
Cameron Nicholson, Founder, FenixNet Computer Services
Mattias Nilsen, Malmo, Sweden
Stefan Norman, Pirate Party Australia
Douglas T. Oberg
Ann Marie O'Connell, Plymouth, MI
Leanne O'Donnell, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Zizia Oliviera
Simon O'Neill
Andrew Ottoson, Wichita, KS
Michael Owens
Mike Palmedo, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Luigi Palombi
Ron Panion, Heggen Law Office, PC, Missoula, Montana
Virginia (Ginger) Paque, Maracay, Venezuela
Brian Peaslee
Pencho Parvanov, Sofia, Bulgaria
Haresh Patel
Gregg Patkowski, Toronto, Canada
Jason Paul, Waterloo, Canada
Fred Paul, Philadelphia, PA
Brian Pegel, The Netherlands
R.F. Pels, the Netherlands
Tom Pendleton, Adams, TN
Douglas Perkins
Matthew Perryman, Auckland, New Zealand
David Personette
Ian Peter, Ian Peter and Associates Pty Ltd, Byron Bay, Australia
Nicolas Pettiaux, A L'Ere Libre, Namur, Belgium
Andrea Phillips
James Phillips, Edmonton AB, Canada
Skai Phoenix
Ermanno Pietrosmoli, Fundación Escuela Latinoamericana de Redes (EsLaRed) , Venezuela
Philippe Piquer, Brussels, Belgium
Richard C. Pitt, Pacific Data Capture, British Columbia, Canada
David Pizzuto
Dafne Sabanes Plou, Argentina
Malla Pollack
Dirk Poot, NitroNarc Laboratories, Hoeven, the Netherlands
Richard Potter, i-lawmarketing.com, Milford, ON, Canada
Louis Pouzin, EUROLINC, Paris, France
Olier, Raby, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Michael Rahe, Berlin, Germany
AHM Bazlur Rahman, Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC), Bangladesh
Ana Ramalho,IViR - Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Jochen Reck
David Records, Records Consulting, LLC Byron Center, MI
Alexander Reid, Portland, OR
Miguel Reimer
Niels Remmerswaal, The Hague, The Netherlands
Pascal Renaud, IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) , Paris, France
James Philip Renken, Brooklyn, NY
Peter Reynolds, Morwell, Australia
Ronald Wayne Rezendes, San Diego Chess Club, San Diego, CA
Lenka Reznicek, Chicago, IL
Pyeng-do Rhee, Korean Federation of Medical Groups for Human Rights Seoul, South Korea
Jeff Rhyason
Alex Richardson
Tyler Rick
Jonathan Robin
Bruce Robinson
Jennifer Robles, Livermore, California
Everton Rodrigues, Movimento Musica para Baixar, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Mark J. Rondeau, Self-Similar Group, New York, NY USA
Andy Roon, Marceco Ltd., Grand Rapids, MI
Sandrine Rousseau
Daniel Riaño Rufilanchas, Madrid, Spain
Simon Ruggier, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Laurel L. Russwurm, Ontario, Canada
Claire Ryan, Total Import Solutions, Cork, Ireland
Paul Salamone
Olavo Sampaio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Carlton A. Samuels, Jamaica
Diego Saravia, Hipatia, Salta, Argentina
Len Sassaman, Researcher, K.U. Leuven
Michael Sauers, Nebraska Library Commission, Lincoln, NE
Stephen Schaller, St. Lambert, Quebec, Canada
Roy S. Schestowitz, Manchester, UK
Monica Schieck, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Helmut Schulz, Brevard NC
Richard Schultz, Saratoga, California
Gérald SÉDRATI-DINET
David Sepa, Waterloo, Canada
Joao Sergio da Silva Costa, Sergio da Silva, Cataguases/MG, Brasil
Dale Sheldon-Hess
Aaron Sher, Bloomfield, NY, USA
Chris Sherrod, Plano, TX
Fred D. Shiplack, Regina, Sask. Can.
Daniel Shookowsky, Software Developer, Downingtown, PA
Tao Shuangwen
Angelica Baptista Silva, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Peter da Silva, Houston, TX
David Simon
Jaron Sims
Mark Sironi, SS&C Technologies Burlington, MA
Sivasubramanian M. Sivasubramanian, Isoc India Chennai
Sylvie Siyam
Richard G. Sjolin, Beaverton, OR
Zephyr Skye
Andrew Slayman, Denver, CO
Dirke Smith, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Kyle Randolph Smith, Jefferson County Education Service District, Madras, OR
Tim Smith, Oracle DBA/Banner Administrator, Sierra College, Rocklin, CA
Robert Smits, Nanaimo, Duncan & District Labour Council, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
Jonathan Snow, Troy, MI
Will Soutter, Student, Durham University, UKChandler Sobel-Sorenson
Kamil Sosnowski, Sopot, Poland
Bruno Peres Ferreira de Souza, Souza, Sao Paulo - Brazil
Carlos Affonso Pereira de Souza Souza, Centro de Tecnologia e Sociedade, Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
Daniel M. Spector
Christina Spiesel
Sydney Z. Spiesel
Tommy Stedham, Tuscaloosa, AL
Josh Steffes, Fairbanks, AK
Aladdin Steiman-Cameron, Indianapolis, IN
Ali Sternburg
Adrienne Stevenson, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Len Stolwyk
Leon Stone, Albany, NY
Mike Strean, iostrean, Beach Park, IL
Mark Street, Melbourne, Australia
Eduardo A. Suarez, National University at La Plata, Argentina
David Sutherland, Bartlett, TN
Martin Svensson, Munich, Germany
Harvey Sweeney
Robert Szarka, Bizgrok Inc., Norwich, CN
Tapani Tarvainen, Chairman, Electronic Frontier Finland (EFFI)
Donald W. Taylor, Fulcrum Technologies (Open Text Inc.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Eric Taylor, Tucson, AZ
Samuel Taylor
Alex Teholiz, DeWitt, MI
Corin Tentchoff, Gibsons, Canada
Jonathan James Thiessen, Kitchener, ON, Canada
Tshepo Thlaku Ungana-Afrika, Pretoria, South Africa
Michelle Thorne, Berlin, Germany
Denis Tonn, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Alexander Torok, Cluj, Romania
Matthew John Toseland, Scarborough, UK
Joseph F. Turcotte, Centre for International Governance Innovation Waterloo, ON, Canada
Jeremy Valcourt, La Salle, MB, Canada
Heather Valli, Carrboro, NC, USA
Ot Van Daalen, Bits of Freedom
Wytze Van der Raay, Stichting NLnet Labs, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Michael Van Eeten, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Marco van Hulten, MSc KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands
Ellen van Wettum, Veenendaal, Netherlands
Jason Daniel, Van Hoy
Joana Varon Ferraz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nathan Vegdahl, Blender Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Alberto Velázquez, Mexico City, Mexico
Ryan Vidler, Ontario, Canada
Miguel Said Vieira, Sao Paulo, Brasil
Gerrit Visser, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Peter Vollebregt, Houten, the Netherlands
Julia Vyse, Montreal, Canada
Paul Waltraud, Paris, France
David Watt, Canada
Sydney Weidman, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Rose M. Welch, Lawton, OK
Trevor Wermund
Ante Wessels, Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Sebastian Westerm
Brian Westphal, Ypsilanti, MI
Wolfgang G. Wettach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Tuebingen, Germany
Jerry Weyer
Alan G. Wheelwright
Gary Whitten, Maxwell Systems Inc. , Baltimore, MD
Andreas Wittenstein, President, BitJazz Inc., Woodacre, CA
Kristofer Widholm, Brooklyn, NY
Robert D. Williams, Columbus, OH
Lucas Winters
Bill Wittur Bottree.com
Klaus-Jürgen Wolf, Dietzenbach, Germany
Petri Wolu
Graham Woodland, London, UK
Jeff Woods, Albuquerue, NM
Winthrop Yu, Philippines
Patrick Yue
Christian Yetter, Hawon-ri, Jeju-do, South Korea
Joshua Zelinsky
Karl Zimmerman, Amherst, MA
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/blog-post/text-of-urgent-acta-communique-english
Bill Totten http://www.ashisuto.co.jp/english/
American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
wcl.american.edu (June 23 2010)
This statement reflects the conclusions reached at a meeting of over ninety academics, practitioners and public interest organizations from six continents gathered at American University Washington College of Law, June 16 to 18 2010. The meeting, convened by American University's Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, was called to analyze the official text of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), released for the first time in April 2010. Negotiating parties released the text only after public criticism of the unusually closed process and widespread disquiet over the negotiations' presumed substance. See Wellington Declaration {1}, EU Resolution on Transparency and State of Play of the ACTA Negotiations {2}.
We find that the terms of the publicly released draft of ACTA threaten numerous public interests, including every concern specifically disclaimed {3} by negotiators.
* Negotiators claim ACTA will not interfere with citizens' fundamental rights and liberties; it will.
* They claim ACTA is consistent with the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); it is not.
* They claim ACTA will not increase border searches or interfere with cross-border transit of legitimate generic medicines; it will.
* And they claim that ACTA does not require "graduated response" disconnections of people from the internet; however, the agreement strongly encourages such policies.
ACTA is the predictably deficient product of a deeply flawed process. What started as a relatively simple proposal to coordinate customs enforcement has transformed into a sweeping and complex new international intellectual property and internet regulation with grave consequences for the global economy and governments' ability to promote and protect the public interest.
Any agreement of this scope and consequence must be based on a broad and meaningful consultative process, in public, on the record and with open on-going access to proposed negotiating text and must reflect a full range of public interest concerns. As detailed below, this text fails to meet these standards.
Recognizing that the terms of the agreement are under further closed-door negotiation over a text we do not have access to, a fair reading of the April 2010 draft leads to our conclusion that ACTA is hostile to the public interest in at least seven critical areas of global public policy: fundamental rights and freedoms; internet governance; access to medicines; scope and nature of intellectual property law; international trade; international law and institutions; and democratic process.
The following specific comments are based on a review of the publicly released text which is highly bracketed and the conclusions are therefore tentative.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
ACTA would authorize or encourage private and government enforcement measures that would curtail enjoyment of fundamental rights and liberties, including domestic and internationally protected human rights to health, privacy and the protection of personal data, free expression, education, cultural participation, and right to a fair legal process, including fair trial and presumptions of innocence.
THE INTERNET
ACTA would
* Encourage internet service providers to police the activities of internet users by holding internet providers responsible for the actions of subscribers, conditioning safe harbors on adopting policing policies, and by requiring parties to encourage cooperation between service providers and rights holders;
* Encourage this surveillance, and the potential for punitive disconnections by private actors, without adequate court oversight or due process;
* Globalize 'anti-circumvention' provisions which threaten innovation, competition, free (freedom-respecting) software, open access business models, interoperability, the enjoyment of user rights, and user choice;
ACCESS TO MEDICINES
ACTA would threaten global access to affordable medicines, including by:
* Authorizing customs authorities to seize goods in transit countries, even when they do not infringe any laws of the producing or importing countries;
* Implicating non-infringing active pharmaceutical ingredient suppliers whose materials may be used downstream in infringing products without their knowledge;
* Limiting key flexibilities on injunctions, including in patent cases, that are necessary for government use, for court-ordered royalties, and for innovation prizes and other policies that de-link cost of research and development from the price of products;
* Expanding its scope to patents in many areas of the agreement, which is an inappropriate subject of a counterfeiting policy.
SCOPE AND NATURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
ACTA would distort fundamental balances between the rights and interests of proprietors and users, including by
* introducing highly specific rights and remedies for rights holders without detailing correlative exceptions, limitations, and procedural safeguards for users;
* shifting enforcement burdens to public authorities and private intermediaries in ways that are likely to be more sensitive to proprietary concerns;
* requiring formula-driven assessment of damages, potentially unrelated to any proven harm or gain;
* omitting strong disincentives to abuse of enforcement processes by right holders;
* including rigid injunction, damages and heightened civil and criminal enforcement requirements that will restrict government flexibility, impede innovation and slow the development and diffusion of green technology;
* threaten the continuation or development of innovative public intererst exceptions, such as common law approaches to permitting copies of works by "authorization."
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ACTA would raise barriers to the trade in knowledge imbedded goods, disproportionately harming developing countries dependent on imports and exports of essential goods. Specifically, ACTA will extend 'ex officio' and in transit border search and seizures to a broad range of "suspected" intellectual property infringements, even including alleged patent infringements involving complex questions of law and fact that are impossible to judge by custom authorities.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INSTITUTIONS
ACTA would conflict with a large number of existing international laws and processes. Specifically, ACTA contains provisions that:
* Conflict with the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) by allowing seizures based on the law "of the party providing the procedures" instead of "the country of importation" (TRIPS Article 52) and by failing to fully protect and incorporate key protections against abuse (for example Articles 41.1, 48.1, 48.2, 50.3, 53.1, 56), flexibilities to promote public interests (for example TRIPS Article 44.2), requirements for the proportionality of enforcement measures (for example Articles 46, 47), and provisions providing for balance between the interests of proprietors, consumers and the greater society (for example TRIPS Articles 1, 7, 8, 40, 41.2, 41.5, 54, 55, 58).
* Conflict with the WTO Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and World Health Assembly Resolution 61.21 by limiting the ability of countries to use the TRIPS flexibilities "to the full" to promote access to medicines;
* Undermine the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Development Agenda, particularly recommendation 45's commitment to "approach intellectual property enforcement in the context of broader societal interests and especially development-oriented concerns";
* Undermine the roles of WIPO and WTO by creating a new and redundant international administration.
DEMOCRATIC PROCESS
ACTA alters traditional and constitutionally mandated law making processes by:
* Exporting and locking in controversial and problematic enforcement practices, foreclosing future legislative improvements in response to changes in technology or policy;
* Requiring substantive changes to laws of many countries without legislative process;
The process of ACTA's negotiation is fundamentally flawed. Specifically, the negotiations:
* Have not been conducted in public as are many multilateral negotiations;
* Have not been accompanied by evidence demonstrating the public policy problems sought to be addressed;
* Have proceeded under conditions that restrict public input to select stakeholders, held off-the-record and without access to the latest version of the rapidly changing text;
* Lack a balanced representation of stakeholders, especially from civil society.
LINKS:
{1} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicacta.org.nz%2Fwellington-declaration%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEzfubbC70zfhmFyirMRjPZ4kr2vUPQ
{2} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3FpubRef%3D-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT%2BTA%2BP7-TA-2010-0058%2B0%2BDOC%2BXML%2BV0%2F%2FEN&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEze0LJTmjtyUTkRz83RCgSGUKYea-g
{3} http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustr.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fpress-office%2Fpress-releases%2F2010%2Fapril%2Foffice-us-trade-representative-releases-statement-ac&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFrqEzfNswTHzwtNHUVVm9uNU4-oSK6NyQ
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Contact list for press interviews
https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0Au_Z_zC1yrj6dHlYd0lmaHFJQmVuYlpBX2I3Q2xqcXc&hl=en
Detailed explanation of issues in declaration
https://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0Ae_Z_zC1yrj6ZGdxODVrOTlfNTVjOHZjN25oaA&hl=en
Section by section analysis of the ACTA text
https://sites.google.com/site/iipenforcement/acta-section-analysis
Attendees of the Drafting Conference
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/june2010-attendees
TO ENDORSE:
Please send your name, organization, city and country to acta.declaration@gmail.com
ENDORSEMENTS:
EU Members of Parliament
Kader Arif
Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Spokesperson, S&D Members of the International Trade Committee (INTA)
France
Jan Philipp Albrecht
Greens | European Free Alliance (EFA) Working Group on ACTA
Germany
Sandrine Belier
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Karima Delli
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Christian Engstrom
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Sweden
Heidi Hautala
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Finland
Yannick Jadot
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
France
Ska Keller
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Germany
Eva Lichtenberger
Greens / EFA Working Group on ACTA
Austria
Mariko Peters
Green Party, House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs, Defense, Europe, Media&Culture
Judith Sargentini
Greens / EFA Working Group on ACTA
Netherlands
Carl Schlyter
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Sweden
Oriol Junqueras Vies
Greens | EFA Working Group on ACTA
Spain
Parliamentarians from Negotiating Countries
Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Mariko Peters
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Martijn van Dam
Member of Parliament
The Netherlands
Academic Endorsements
Hal Abelson
Professor of Comp. Sci. and Engineering, MIT
Cambridge, MA
Antonio de la Piedra Abenojar
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Belgium
Andrew A. Adams
Professor Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
Jack Allnutt
Student
University of Manchester
Manchester, UK
Russell G. Almond
Associate Professor
Florida State University, College of Education
Tallahassee, FL
Tatiana Andia
Professor
Universidad de los Andes – Cider
Bogota, Columbia
Ruben Dario Gomez Arais
Professor National School of Public Health. University of Antioquia
Medellin, Colombia
Laurent Audouin
Assistant Professor
Universite Paris 11
Paris, France
Brook K. Baker
Professor
Northeastern University Law School / Health Global Access Project (NYC, Phila., DC)*
Boston, MA
Shamnad Basheer
Ministry of HRD Professor in IP Law
National University of Juridical Sciences
Kolkata, India
Adam C. Bell
Professor and Dean
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Canada
Ivana Bentes
Researcher and Professor
Communication and Director of School of Communication
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Gregor v. Bochmann
Professor
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Canada
Annemarie Bridy
Associate Professor
University of Idaho College of Law
Moscow, ID
Dr. Ferran Izquierdo Brichs
Lecturer in International Relations
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Altafulla, Spain
Abbe Brown
Lecturer in Information Technology Law
University of Edinburgh
Scotland, UK
Kenneth Rochel de Camargo
Associate Professor, Social Medicine Institute
Rio de Janeiro State University
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
David Carlson
Dean, Library Affairs
Morris Library
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Carbondale, IL
Michael A. Carrier
Professor of Law - Rutgers Law School
Camden, NJ
Michael Carroll
Professor of Law, Director of Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
Brian W. Carver
Assistant Professor
School of Information
UC Berkeley, CA
Q-Jin Choi, M.D.
Dept. of History of Medicine & Medical Humanities
Seoul National University College of Medicine
Seoul, South Korea
Margaret Chon
Associate Dean for Research and Centers
Seattle University School of Law
Seattle, WA
Richard Clawson
Postdoctoral Fellow
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Thuwal, KSA
Fatima Conti
Universidade Federal do Para – ICB
Belem, Brazil
Ray Corrigan
Open University
Oxford, UK
Joanne Csete
Associate Professor
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
New York, NY
Marcos Dantas
Prof. Dr. Escola de Comunicação da UFRJ
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Dion Dennis
Associate Professor
Department of Criminal Justice
Bridgewater State College
Bridgewater, MA
Alexander S. Dent
Assistant Professor of Anthropology
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Miguel Dias
Librarian
Algarve's University
Faro, Portugal
JS Diaz
Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Kevin Donovan
Student, School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
Peter Drahos
Director,Centre for the Governance of Knowledge and Development
Australian National University
Graham Dutfield
Professor of International Governance
University of Leeds School of Law
Leeds, UK
Nick Efford
University of Leeds
Leeds, UK
Guilhem Fabre
Professor, Universite Le Havre
Paris, France
Mark Federman,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Alex Feerst
Center for Internet & Society, Stanford Law School
San Francisco, CA
Sean Flynn
Associate Director of Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
Michael Geist
Professor, University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Shubha Ghosh
Vilas Research Associate & Professor of Law
University of Wisconsin Law School
Madison, WI
Henning Grosse Ruse - Khan
Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law
Munich, Germany
Eldar Haber
PhD Candidate
Zvi-Meitar center for advanced legal studies
Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Debora Halbert
Associate Professor of Political Science
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Manoa, Hawaii
Joseph Lorenzo Hall
ACCURATE Postdoctoral Research Associate, UC Berkeley School of Information
Berkeley, California
Bernard Hanson
Universite de Mons, Belgium
Sebastian Haunss
Political Scientist
University of Konstanz
Konstanz, Germany
Cynthia M. Ho
Vickrey Research Professor of Law
Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Chicago, IL
Jeanette Hofmann
London School of Economics and Political Science
London, UK
Adam Holland
Boston University School of Law
Boston, MA
Monica Horten
PhD Candidate
Communications and Media Research Institute
University of Westminster, UK
Bernt Hugenholtz
Professor, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dan Hunter
Professor of Law & Director, Institute for Information Law & Policy
New York Law School
New York, NY
Tamir Israel
Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Peter Jaszi
Professor, Faculty Director of the Glushko-Samuelson Intellectual Property Clinic
American University Washington College of Law
Washington, DC
David R. Johnson
New York Law School
New York, NY
Eric E. Johnson
Assistant Professor of Law
University of North Dakota School of Law
Grand Forks, ND
Alexander Jones
Student, Georgia Tech
Atlanta, GA
Margot Kaminski
Yale Law School
New Haven, CN
Mark Kelly
Student, Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Keechang Kim
Professor
Korea University Law School
Seoul, Korea
Bill Kirkpatrick
Assistant Professor, Department of Communication
Denison University, Granville, OH
Armando Kirwin
Student, University of Texas
Austin, TX
Martin Kretschmer
Professor of Information Jurisprudence
Bournemouth University, UK
Ross Lazarus
Associate Professor
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
Nari Lee, LL.D (Kyushu)
Program Director
Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)
München, Germany
Hervé Le Crosnier
Researcher and Teacher
University of Caen, France
France Lert
Senior Researcher
Universite Versailles
Saint-Quentin, France
Lawrence Lessig
Harvard Law School
Cambridge, Massachusetts
David Levine
Assistant Professor
Stanford Law School
Stanford, CA
Harry R. Lewis
Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Jorge Machado
Professor of Public Policy Management
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Jonas Maebe, PhD
Ghent University
Ghent, Belgium
Alana Maurushat
Lecturer, Faculty of Law, The University of New South Wales
Deputy Director, Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre
Australia
Mark A. McCutcheon
Centre for Language and Literature
Athabasca University
Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
Mark McKenna
Associate Professor
Notre Dame Law School
Notre Dame, IN
Lisa McLaughlin
Associate Professor
Miami University-Ohio
Oxford, Ohio
Scott McLaughlin, Dr.
University of Huddersfield
Huddersfield, UK
Heloisa Gomes Medieros
Lawyer and Masters Student
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina, Brasil
Juan M. Medina, PhD. Candidate
International Law, Instituto Ortega y Gasset
Madrid-Spain
Hiram Meléndez-Juarbe
Associate Professor
University of Puerto Rico Law School
San Juan, PR
Axel Metzger
Professor of Law. University of Hannover
Hannover, Germany
Gabriel J. Michael
Doctoral Student
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Danny Mittleman
Associate Professor
College of Computing and Digital Media
DePaul University
Chicago, IL
Michael R. Morris
Ph.D. Candidate
University of Edinburgh
Heather Morrison, PhD Candidate
Simon Fraser University School of Communication
Vancouver, Canada
Milton Mueller
Professor
Syracuse University School of Information Studies
Syracuse, NY
Charles Nesson
Weld Professor of Law, Founder, Berkman Center for Internet and Society
Harvard Law School
Cambridge, MA
ES Nwauche
Director
Centre for African Legal Studies Port Harcourt Nigeria
Dong Suk Oh
Ajou University Law School
Democratic Legal Studies Association
Suwon City
Republic of Korea
Ville Oksanen
Lecturer and Researcher
Aalto University, Finland
Kevin Outterson
Associate Professor of Law & Co-Director of the Health Law Program
Boston University School of Law
Boston, MA
Claudia Padovani
Department of Political and Historical Studies
Univerity of Padova, Italy
Pedro Paranagua
Professor
Duke University
Durham, NC
Francisco Carpena Perez
Profesor Educacion Secundaria
Colegio Concertado "La Inmaculada"
Yecla, Spain
Varun Piplani, PhD Candidate
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
Rufus Pollock
Mead Fellow in Economics
Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK
James Popham, PhD Candidate
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Kenneth L. Port
Professor of Law and
Director, Intellectual Property Institute
William Mitchell College of Law
St. Paul, MN
Julien Rabier
Student, Université Paris II Panthéon Assas, Paris, France
Hafiz Aziz Rehman, PhD Candidate
Australian National University College of Law
Canberra, Australia
Witold Rakoczy
Senior Lecturer
AGH University of Science and Technology
Cracow, Poland
Paulo Rena
Law Scholar, Universidade de Brasilia
Brasilia, Brasil
Graham Reynolds
Professor, Dalhousie University Schulich School of Law
Halifax, Canada
Martine Courant Rife
Professor of Writing, Lansing Community College
Lansing, MI
Nagla Rizk
Associate Professor Economics Department
American University in Cairo
Cairo, Egypt
Natalia Romero
Researcher
Delft University of Technology
Delft, Netherlands
Pam Samuelson
Professor of Law
UC Berkeley Law School
Berkeley, CA
Helene Scarna
Faculte de Pharmacie
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon
Lyon, France
Wendy Seltzer,
Senior Researcher
Berkman Center for Internet & Society
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
Susan Sell
Professor of Political Science and Int'l Affairs, Director
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Xavier Seuba
Senior Lecturer in Public International Law
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain
Lea Bishop Shaver
Associate Research Scholar
Yale Law School
New Haven, CN
Aaron Shaw
Berkman Center for Internet and Society
arvard University
Cambridge, MA
Chen Shen
Student, Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, Canada
Jessica Silbey
Associate Professor of Law
Suffolk University Law School
Boston, MA
Alberto Cerda Silva
Professor in Law
University of Chile Law School
Santiago, Chile
Richard Smith
Professor, School of Communication
Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Andrew Snider
York University
Toronto, Canada
Christopher Jon Sprigman
Associate Professor of Law
University of Virginia School of Law
Charlottesville, Virginia
Elizabeth Stark
Yale University
New Haven, CN
Peter Suber
Berkman Fellow
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
Samuel E. Trosow
Associate Professor
University of Western Ontario
Canada
Rebecca Tushnet
Georgetown Law
Washington, DC
Chris Tyler
Professor, Centre for Development of Open
Technology, School of Computer Studies, Seneca College
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David Vaile, Executive Director
Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre, University of New South Wales
Sydney, Australia
Annie Vinokur
Emeritus Professor of Economics
Universite Paris Ouest La Defense
Paris, France
Eric Von Hippel
Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management
Cambridge, MA
Ben Wagner
Researcher
European University Institute
Fiesole, Italia
Kimberlee Weatherall
Lecturer in Law
University of Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Liana Weber Pereira
Law Academic
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Sarah K. Wiant
Professor
Washington and Lee University School of Law
Lexington, VA
Jeremy Wickins MA, LLB,
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
Jisuk Woo, Ph.D., J.D.
Professor
Graduate School of Public Administration
Seoul National University
Seoul, Korea
Jonathan Worth
Senior Lecturer Coventry University, UK
Peter K. Yu
Kern Family Chair in Intellectual Property Law & Director
Drake University Law School
Des Moines, IO
Marc Zune
Professor of Comp. Sci. and Engineering
University of Louvain
Belgium
Research Group on Public Policies for Access to Information
Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
School of Communication of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Study Group on Copyright and Information, Federal University of Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina, Brasil
Civil Society Endorsements
Acción Internacional para la Salud
Lima, Peru
African Commons Project
South Africa
Ageia Densi
Córdoba, Argentina
ALTERNATIVES
Montreal, Canada
American Medical Student Association
Reston, VA
Article 19
London, UK
Asociación Civil Nodo Tau
Argentina
Asociación de Internautas
Spain
Association for Progressive Communications
Melville, South Africa
Associazione Partito Pirata Italiano
Berne Declaration
Lausanne, Switzerland
BetterBio
Boston, MA
Brazilian Institute for Consumer Defense (IDEC)
São Paulo, Brasil
Bytes for All Pakistan
Pakistan
Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
Toronto, ON, Canada
Canope
Paris, France
Center for Internet and Society
Bangalore, India
Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio)
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
CIPPIC, the Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic
University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Colorado Local's Emporium of Alternative Farms (LEAF)
Comunica-CH (Swiss Platform on Information Society)
Wolf Ludwig
Neuchatel, Switzerland
Connecting.nyc.Inc.
New York, NY
Consumers International
Kuala Lumpur
Corporate Europe Observatory
Brussels, Belgium
Cultural Action
Seoul, South Korea
Electronic Frontier Finland
Electronic Frontier Foundation
San Fransisco, CA
Electronic Frontier
Norway
Electronic Frontiers Australia Inc
Australia
Esfera Hacks Políticos
São Paulo, Brazil
European AIDS Treatment Group
European Digital Rights
Brussels, European Union
Evolved Development
New Zealand
EXGAE
Barcelona, Spain
FACIL
Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Federación Médica Colombiana – Observamed
Bogota, Columbia
Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure e.V.
Berlin, Germany
Foundation for Media Alternatives (FMA)
Quezon City, Philippines
Freedom Against Censorship Thailand
Bangkok, Thailand
Free Knowledge Institute
Barcelona, Spain
Free Knowledge Foundation
Madrid, Spain
Freedom for IP
Seattle, WA
German Business Ethics Network (DNWE)
Munich, Germany
GPOPAI (Institute)
Sao Paulo, Brasil
Health Action International (Europe, Africa, Asia - Pacific, and Global)*
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Health GAP (Global Access Project)
New York, Philadelphia, Washington DC
House of Digital Culture
Brasil
IFARMA Foundation
Bogota, Colombia
Information & Culture Society for the Disabled Korean
Seoul, South Korea
Instituto Overmundo
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Intellectual Property Institute
William Mitchell College of Law
St. Paul, MN
Intellectual Property Left (IPLeft)
Seoul, South Korea
Interaction Law
Washington, DC
Interlink, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
International Association of IT Laywers
Denmark
Internet Governance Project
Syracuse, NY
Internet Industry Association (Australia)
IP Justice
San Francisco, California
IT for Change
Bangalore, India
The Julia Group
Stockholm, Sweden
Knowledge Ecology International
Washington, DC
Knowledgeland
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Kenya ICT Action Network
Kenya
Korean Pharmacists for a Democratic Society
Seoul, South Korea
Korean Medical Action Groups for Health Rights
Seoul, South Korea
Korean Progress Network Jinbonet
Seoul, South Korea
Labor, Health, and Human Rights Development Center
Agege, Lagos, Nigeria
La Quadrature du Net
France
Les Verts, France
LOKOJ Institute
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Movimento Mega Não! (Mega no! Moviment)
Brazil
Movimento ScambioEtico
Italy
National Research Officer
South African Municipal Workers' Union
New America Foundation, Open Technology Initiative
Washington, DC
New Mexico Local's Emporium of Alternative Farms (LEAF)
ONG Derechos Digitales
Santiago, Chile
Open Culture Foundation
Sydney, Australia
Open Rights Group
ORDU - Romanian Organization for User Rights
Romania
Orchuulga Foundation
Seattle, WA
Oxfam America
Panoptykon Foundation
Warszawa, Poland
Pirate Parties International
Brussels, Belgium
Pirate Party Australia
Pirate Party Austria
Pirate Party Brazil
Pirate Party Canada
Pirate Party Chile
Pirate Party Germany
Pirate Party Ireland
Pirate Party Netherlands
Pirate Party of New Zealand
Portuguese Pirate Party Portugal
Pirate Party UK
Pirate Party (Massachusetts, USA)
James O'Keefe, Co-Organizer
Programa LaNeta S.C., México
Proyecto BiblioFyL, Capital Federal
Bueno Aires, Argentina
Public Citizen
Washington, DC
Public Interest Advocacy Centre
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Public Knowledge
Washington, DC
Quintessenz
Mag. Georg Markus Kainz, Chairman
Vienna, Austria
Red Mexicana de Accion frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC)
Mexico
SaferNet Brazil
Salvador, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Brazil
Sol Ut Press
Chicago, IL
Stopp ACTA
Vallorbe, Switzerland
Strawberrynet Foundation
Romania
Students for Free Culture
Tech Liberty NZ
New Zealand
Telecomix Netactivist Clusters
Sweden
Transparência Hacker Community
São Paulo, Brazil
Treehouse Institute, United Kingdom
Union des Consommateurs, Montréal, Québec
Universities Allied for Essential Medicines
United States Pirate Party
Scottsdale, AZ
WeRebuild.EU
Sweden
Vancouver Fair Copyright Coalition
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Vrijschrift / ScriptumLibre
Workum, Netherlands
Young Pirates Party
Germany
ZaMirNET
Croatia
INDIVIDUAL ENDORSEMENTS
Justin G. Abram, Lansing, MI
William Adams, Northampton, MA
Mark Akrigg, Founder, Project Gutenberg Canada, Toronto, Canada
Georges Aleth, Paris, France
Derek Allison, Denver, CO
Patrik Alzen, Söderköping, Sweden
Jonathan Amesquita
Jeff Arnason
Pedro Augusto, Center for Techology and Society - Getulio Vargas Foundation
Davis M.J. Aurini, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Renata Avila, Creative Commons-Guatemala, Guatemala
Stephane Bakhos
Nicholas Baldwin, Rome, NY
Elizabeth Ball, Sidney, BC, Canada
Andrew Ball, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Daniel Ballard, Sequoia Counsel PC, Sacramento, CA
Paul Baracos, ICx - 360 Surveillance, Victoria BC, Canada
JéfteFernando de Amorim Barbosa, Barbosa, Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, Pernambuco, Brasil
Scott Barker
Arthur Barstad
Catherine Bell, Instructor, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA
Odile Benassy, Universite de Paris, France
Katrine Bennett, Tunbridge Wells, UK
Kelly Berger, Seattle, WA
Jens Best, Berlin, Germany
Michael Biggs, Waterloo, Ontario, CA
Max Bigras, San Luis Obispo, CA
Mats Björkenfeldt, Stockholm, Sweden
Fancois Blanchard
Jeremiah Blatz, New York, NY
David L. Blevins, Reston, VA
RD Bobbitt, North Carolina
Christopher Bodenlos, Easton
Jeroen Boer
Daniel Boulet, Loa Corporation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Jamie Bowman
Jim Bracher
Chris Brand, New Westminster, BC, Canada
Patrick Brashers, Clay County Electric Cooperative Corp., Corning, AK
S.R. Braun, Dallas, TX
Jon Bremnes, OC & C Strategy Consultants, London, UK
Nick Briz
Beatrice Brociner, Marseille, France
Chantal Brodeur, Hamilton ON, Canada
Colin Broughton, Eleven Engineering, Inc. , Edmonton, AB, Canada
Toni Brown
Hugh Brown, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Terry Browning, UK
Steve Brudenell
Jan Buchmann, Zurich, Switzerland
Andreas Bummel, Committee for a Democratic United Nations, Germany
Thomas Burke, Ireland
Rebecca Burn-Callander, London, UK
Lee Burt, Sacramento, CA
Randy Bush, Bainbridge Island, WA
Roberto Bustamante Vento, Centro peruano de estudios sociales
Rachelle C.
Robert Cailliau, Prevessin-Moens, France
Fátima Cambronero, Presidenta Ageia Densi, Córdoba, Argentina
Nuno Cardoso, International Coordinator of the Portuguese Pirate Party, Lisbon, Portugal
João Carlos Rebello Caribé, Social Media Consultant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Koichi Kameda de Figueiredo Carvalho, Center for Technology and Society at Fundação Getulio Vargas
Cadence Lauren Case, Brooklyn, NY
Josh Casiano
Alejandro Casteleiro, Spain
Jay Chang, Philadelphia, PA
Olivier Charbonneau, Associate Librarian, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
Todd Charron, Toronto, Canada
Daniel Chase, Boston, MA
Sebastien Chateau-Dutier, Le Mans, France
Alvin Y H Cheung, Hong Kong
Prudence Cho, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
William Cibien
Kyle Clements, Canada
Jason Clemons, Raleigh, NC
Jason Cocking
Derrick Cogburn, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Nick Coghlan
Maxime Combes, Aitec-IPAM, France
Devon Cooke, Storybubble Pictures Inc. , Vancouver, Canada
Matthew E. Cooper, Strategic Technology Group, Saint Louis, MO
Scott Corkern
Patricia Maria Cornils, Brasil
Thiago Henriques da Mata Guimaraes Correa, Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Fiorello Cortiana
André Cotte, LaSalle QC, Canada
Paul Cousins, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Olivier Coux, France
David Crafti
Bryan Craggs
Laura Creighton
Michael E. Cullinan, Wilsonville, OR
Benjamin J. Curnett, Ansted, WV
Stephen J. Cunningham, Chapel Hill, NC
John Dada, Fantsuam Foundation, Kafanchan, Nigeria
John K. Dahlman, Baltimore, MD
Jose daLuz
Robert Dahm
David Daley, Indivica, Inc.
Jonathan David, EFF, IEEE, San Jose, CA
Phillip S Davis, Muncie, IN
Matt Dawes, Copyright Adviser, Australian Digital Alliance, Canberra, Australia
Jacob A. De Raadt, Grassroots Consulting Services, Langley, BC, Canada
Miguel Decleire, Brussels, Belgium
Jelle de Jong, PowerCraft Technology, Netherlands
Nicolas D. DeLage, Boston, MA
Zachariah Delventhal, St. Louis Park, MN
Juan Carlos De Martin, NEXA Center for Internet & Society, Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
Mary J. Didier, Suresnes, France
Gilbert Dion, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Cory Doctorow, Boingboing.net
Dave Doering, TechVoice, Inc., Orem, UT
Drew Donnelly, Washington, DC
Pat Donovan, Ottawa, Ontaria, Canada
Raymond J. Dowd, New York, NY
Gabriel C. Drummond-Cole
John A. Dry
Sue Duerr, Germany
Miles Dumble, Essex, UK
Nick Dynice, Long Beach, CA
Maria Teresa Buitrago Echeverri, Bogota, Colombia
Chris Edgette, Piedmont, CA
Jacob Ediger, Madison, WI
Mattheijs Eikelboom, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Gregory Engels, Co-Chairman of Pirate Parties International, Offenbach, Germany
Brian Erickson
Walker Evans
Gordon Falk, Cornerstone Christian School Inc., Moose Jaw, Canada
Patrick Fitzgerald
Michael Fenbers
Jack Feser, Urbana, IL
Richard Floyd, Port Townsend, WA
Tim Fluharty, Torrance, CA
Jennifer Fontecchio, Greer, SC
Dan Fornika, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Richard Forno, Arlington, VA
Jocelyne Fournier, Dunkerque, France
Lucia Freitas, Sao Paulo, Brasil
Alfonso Fuca, Ecaussinnes, Belgium
Arnau Fuentes, Molins de Rei, Spain
David Garland, Studio 700, Wizard Information, Minneapolis, MN
Bruce Gehiere, Kingston, ON, Canada
Hamish Gibson, Pirate Party UK, Dalmally, Scotland
Karl Giesing
Robert Gifford, Kankakee, IL
Dan Gillmor
Benoit Girard, Quebec City, Canada
Robert Giseburt, Xinet, Inc., St. Joseph, MO
Geoffrey Glass, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Michael Glunz, Zürich, Switzerland
Bruno Godin, Vancouver, Canada
Lori Goldbach
Alex Goldman, AG Internet Knowledge, LLC
Marco Gomes, Center for Health Policy and Innovation, South Africa / Canada, Johannesburg, South Africa
Thomas David Goodman, Bay City, MI
Marcio Grandchamp, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Bas Grasmayer, The Netherlands
Johan Greefkes, Powell, OH
Aetzel Griffioen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Elatia Grimshaw
Robin Gross, IP Justice, San Francisco, California
Adam Gruttner
Andres Guadamuz, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Pat Gunn, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Ture Gustafson, Goldem Media Studios, Montreal, Canada
Chad Guzinski, Brookings, SD
Eldar Haber
Michael J. Hager, Cleveland, OH
Norman Haimes, Ontario, Canada
Harry Halpin, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
David Hammerstein, TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue
Baudouin O. Hannecart, Brussels, Belgium
Keith Harasyn, London, ON, Canada
Thomas Harris, Hollywood, FL
James William Hays, Siler City, NC
Bjorn Hedin, Alberta, Canada
Henk Hesselink, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rob Heverly
Kevin J. Hiebert, President, Gastown Webspace Inc., Vancouver, Canada
Abram Hindle, Toronto, Canada
Dan Hipp
Eberhard M. Hoenes, Wuppertal, Germany
Matthew Hogan, Ithaca, NY
Patrick Hogan, Nashville, IL
Michael Holloway, Toronto, ON, Canada
Aaron Holmes, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada
Sebastian Holzer, Antwerp, Belgium
Robert Hoover, Stowe, VT
Wes Hopkins, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Emanuel Hoogeveen, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Lisa Horner, Global Partners and Associates, London, UK
Ben Howden, Howden Acupressure, Montreal, QC
Liam R. Howlett, Wind River, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Stephen Hoy, London, UK
Len Hulsbos
Sean Hunt
Raa'Shaun L. Hunter, Hunter Technology Consulting, Flint, MI
Saleh W. Igal, Dallas, TX
Vesa Ikonen, Helsinki, Finland
Joichi Ito, CEO, Creative Commons, Japan
Edmund Jackson
Meredith Jacob, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Hyobum Jang, Seoul, South Korea
Mike Jeffers, Mintel International, Chicago, IL
Erick Johnson, New York City, NY, USA
Glenn Johnson, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Stuart Johnson
Jason T. Johnson, Brandon, FL
Warren Johnson, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Esther Joly, Ouvaton coopérative SA, Paris, France
Ernest Jones, Lindon, UT
Kerryck Jones, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Leonardo Manfrinato, Justi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Willem Mucher, Albertville, France
Omar Kaminski, Instituto Brasileiro de Direito da Informatica, Curitiba, PR, Basil
Joe Karaganis, Media, Technology, and Culture Brooklyn, NY
Alex Kavanagh, Tinwood Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
James Kawano, Visual Effects Artist, Vancouver, Canada
David Kawczynski
Paul Kay, Birmingham, England
Timothy T. Kearney
John Kelley, San Diego, CA
Wesley Kenzie, Vancouver, Canada
Geoff Kerson, Halifax, Canada
Michael Kesler, DataWolf, North Richland Hills, TX
Georges Khaznadar, Dunkerque, France
Sylvia Kierkegaard, International Association of IT Lawyers, Denmark
Eui-Dong Kim, Dentists for a Healthy Society, Seoul, Korea
Erin Kinser
Joel Kirchartz
Kumsook Ko, Ecofem, Seoul, South Korea
Eric Koenig, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc., Albuquerque, NM
Frederick, Koenig, Vienna, VA
Jake Kolb
Jimmy Koo, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
EF Koreman, St Oedenrode, Netherlands
Issac Kotlicky, Social Security, Baltimore, MD
Matt Kraai, Upland, USA
Kai Kretschmann, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
Till Kreutzer, Germany
Gaelle Krikorian, Paris, France
Myron A. Kuziak, Neudorf, Saskatchewan, Canada
Gustavo Lago, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Daniel Lahey, Seattle, WA
Julien Lamarche, MediaMiser, Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)
John Larson, Denver, CO
David Latimer
JesseLatimer, LEAPNOW: Transforming Education, Calistoga, CA
Steven Leach, MicroComputer Interfacing, Grass Valley, CA
Vadim Lebedev, MBDSYS, Saint Denis, France
Philippe Leconte, Brussels, BELGIUM
Eric Legrand, D2T, Yvelines, France
Yann Leho, Plemet, France
Adam Leighton, Washington, DC
Ronaldo Lemos, Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio) , Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
S. Leone, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
Andrew Lewman, The Tor Project, Boston, MA
Rena Lewis, Ojai, CA
Jacob Lickers, Tecmo Koei Canada Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada
Daniel Lieberman, Shelburne Falls, MA
Caroline Liptak, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Jeno Liptak, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Michael Lockhart, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Maria Paz Canales Loebel, Santiago, Chile
Chris Logan
Elise Lowy
Antti Luoma, Helsinki, Finland
Matthew Lynch, Madison, WI, USA
Georgia Lyon, Adelaide, Australia
Alexander Macfie, London, UK
Marília Maciel, Center for Technology and Society of the Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rebecca MacKinnon, New America Foundation
Patrick Maigron, Institut Telecom, Evry, France
Diego Makarausky de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Julia Makay, Fair Copyright for Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mario A. Mariani, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Renan Albuquerque Marks, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Stephen C. Marney, Kensingtoin, MD
Michael Masnick, Floor64 Inc., Sunnyvale, CA
Francoise Massit-Follea, Project Vox Internet II, Paris, France
Robert Massung
Matt Mastracci, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Nicholas Matear, KPK Goldsmith, Inc., BC, Canada
Evan Mathis
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Neal May, Ames, IO
Peter Maybarduk, Public Citizen, Washington, DC
Will McCollum, McMonkee Projects
Terence McCormack, Brooklyn, NY
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Jay McDaniel, Fredericksburg, VA
Jim McDonnell, Brussels, Belgium
Todd McKinney, Hyper9, Inc., Austin, TX USA
Lee McKnight, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Michael A. McLean, Raleigh NC
Russell McOrmond, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Jon McRae
Tomislav Medak, Multimedia Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
George Meijer, Piratenpartij Nederland, Doesburg, Netherlands
Michael F. Meyer, Old Tappan, NJ
James Michmerhuizen, Boston, MA
Christian Mihr, Berlin, Germany
Dushan Milic, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Mark Miller, President, Modern Arts, Charlotte, NC
John T. Mitchell, Interaction Law, Washington, DC
Joachim Moench, Chief Administrative Officer, Pirate Parties International
Robin Möllemann, Mönchengladbach, Germany
Luiz Fernando Moncau, Center for Technology and Society (FGV Direito Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Marcel Mondy, Marseille, France
Glen Moody, London, UK
Brendan Moore, Toronto, Canada
Carl Moore II
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Cândida Maria Nobre de Almeida Moraes, Jornalista, João Pessoa-PB, Brasil
Richard Morra, Woodcliff Lake, NJ
Ms. Stacey Morris, Staunton, VA
Robert W Morrow, Toronto, Canada
David M. Morse, Wilmington, DE
Christopher Morton
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Jose Murilo, Brazilian MInistry of Culture, Brasilia, Brasil
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Virginia (Ginger) Paque, Maracay, Venezuela
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Pencho Parvanov, Sofia, Bulgaria
Haresh Patel
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Jason Paul, Waterloo, Canada
Fred Paul, Philadelphia, PA
Brian Pegel, The Netherlands
R.F. Pels, the Netherlands
Tom Pendleton, Adams, TN
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Andrea Phillips
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Richard C. Pitt, Pacific Data Capture, British Columbia, Canada
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Dafne Sabanes Plou, Argentina
Malla Pollack
Dirk Poot, NitroNarc Laboratories, Hoeven, the Netherlands
Richard Potter, i-lawmarketing.com, Milford, ON, Canada
Louis Pouzin, EUROLINC, Paris, France
Olier, Raby, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Michael Rahe, Berlin, Germany
AHM Bazlur Rahman, Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC), Bangladesh
Ana Ramalho,IViR - Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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David Records, Records Consulting, LLC Byron Center, MI
Alexander Reid, Portland, OR
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Niels Remmerswaal, The Hague, The Netherlands
Pascal Renaud, IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) , Paris, France
James Philip Renken, Brooklyn, NY
Peter Reynolds, Morwell, Australia
Ronald Wayne Rezendes, San Diego Chess Club, San Diego, CA
Lenka Reznicek, Chicago, IL
Pyeng-do Rhee, Korean Federation of Medical Groups for Human Rights Seoul, South Korea
Jeff Rhyason
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Everton Rodrigues, Movimento Musica para Baixar, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Mark J. Rondeau, Self-Similar Group, New York, NY USA
Andy Roon, Marceco Ltd., Grand Rapids, MI
Sandrine Rousseau
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Simon Ruggier, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Claire Ryan, Total Import Solutions, Cork, Ireland
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Olavo Sampaio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Carlton A. Samuels, Jamaica
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Michael Sauers, Nebraska Library Commission, Lincoln, NE
Stephen Schaller, St. Lambert, Quebec, Canada
Roy S. Schestowitz, Manchester, UK
Monica Schieck, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Helmut Schulz, Brevard NC
Richard Schultz, Saratoga, California
Gérald SÉDRATI-DINET
David Sepa, Waterloo, Canada
Joao Sergio da Silva Costa, Sergio da Silva, Cataguases/MG, Brasil
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Aaron Sher, Bloomfield, NY, USA
Chris Sherrod, Plano, TX
Fred D. Shiplack, Regina, Sask. Can.
Daniel Shookowsky, Software Developer, Downingtown, PA
Tao Shuangwen
Angelica Baptista Silva, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Peter da Silva, Houston, TX
David Simon
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Mark Sironi, SS&C Technologies Burlington, MA
Sivasubramanian M. Sivasubramanian, Isoc India Chennai
Sylvie Siyam
Richard G. Sjolin, Beaverton, OR
Zephyr Skye
Andrew Slayman, Denver, CO
Dirke Smith, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Kyle Randolph Smith, Jefferson County Education Service District, Madras, OR
Tim Smith, Oracle DBA/Banner Administrator, Sierra College, Rocklin, CA
Robert Smits, Nanaimo, Duncan & District Labour Council, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
Jonathan Snow, Troy, MI
Will Soutter, Student, Durham University, UKChandler Sobel-Sorenson
Kamil Sosnowski, Sopot, Poland
Bruno Peres Ferreira de Souza, Souza, Sao Paulo - Brazil
Carlos Affonso Pereira de Souza Souza, Centro de Tecnologia e Sociedade, Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
Daniel M. Spector
Christina Spiesel
Sydney Z. Spiesel
Tommy Stedham, Tuscaloosa, AL
Josh Steffes, Fairbanks, AK
Aladdin Steiman-Cameron, Indianapolis, IN
Ali Sternburg
Adrienne Stevenson, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Len Stolwyk
Leon Stone, Albany, NY
Mike Strean, iostrean, Beach Park, IL
Mark Street, Melbourne, Australia
Eduardo A. Suarez, National University at La Plata, Argentina
David Sutherland, Bartlett, TN
Martin Svensson, Munich, Germany
Harvey Sweeney
Robert Szarka, Bizgrok Inc., Norwich, CN
Tapani Tarvainen, Chairman, Electronic Frontier Finland (EFFI)
Donald W. Taylor, Fulcrum Technologies (Open Text Inc.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Eric Taylor, Tucson, AZ
Samuel Taylor
Alex Teholiz, DeWitt, MI
Corin Tentchoff, Gibsons, Canada
Jonathan James Thiessen, Kitchener, ON, Canada
Tshepo Thlaku Ungana-Afrika, Pretoria, South Africa
Michelle Thorne, Berlin, Germany
Denis Tonn, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Alexander Torok, Cluj, Romania
Matthew John Toseland, Scarborough, UK
Joseph F. Turcotte, Centre for International Governance Innovation Waterloo, ON, Canada
Jeremy Valcourt, La Salle, MB, Canada
Heather Valli, Carrboro, NC, USA
Ot Van Daalen, Bits of Freedom
Wytze Van der Raay, Stichting NLnet Labs, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Michael Van Eeten, Internet Governance Project, Syracuse, NY
Marco van Hulten, MSc KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands
Ellen van Wettum, Veenendaal, Netherlands
Jason Daniel, Van Hoy
Joana Varon Ferraz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nathan Vegdahl, Blender Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Alberto Velázquez, Mexico City, Mexico
Ryan Vidler, Ontario, Canada
Miguel Said Vieira, Sao Paulo, Brasil
Gerrit Visser, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Peter Vollebregt, Houten, the Netherlands
Julia Vyse, Montreal, Canada
Paul Waltraud, Paris, France
David Watt, Canada
Sydney Weidman, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Rose M. Welch, Lawton, OK
Trevor Wermund
Ante Wessels, Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Sebastian Westerm
Brian Westphal, Ypsilanti, MI
Wolfgang G. Wettach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Tuebingen, Germany
Jerry Weyer
Alan G. Wheelwright
Gary Whitten, Maxwell Systems Inc. , Baltimore, MD
Andreas Wittenstein, President, BitJazz Inc., Woodacre, CA
Kristofer Widholm, Brooklyn, NY
Robert D. Williams, Columbus, OH
Lucas Winters
Bill Wittur Bottree.com
Klaus-Jürgen Wolf, Dietzenbach, Germany
Petri Wolu
Graham Woodland, London, UK
Jeff Woods, Albuquerue, NM
Winthrop Yu, Philippines
Patrick Yue
Christian Yetter, Hawon-ri, Jeju-do, South Korea
Joshua Zelinsky
Karl Zimmerman, Amherst, MA
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/blog-post/text-of-urgent-acta-communique-english
Bill Totten http://www.ashisuto.co.jp/english/
posted by Bill Totten at
9:06 AM
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